Engineering Design Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Engineering Design Practice - Essay Example 1) As per the requirements of the Approved Document B it is must for the architect to plan and design a structure in a manner that it should comprises of ample necessities like early conflagration caution apparatuses and proper, secure and efficient evacuation passages. 2) To control the intensification of inferno in the interior of a structure it is necessary to utilize the material that can bear and defy the blazes distribution over it and in case it catches fire, there should be a sluggish rate of temperature release, reasonable as per situation 3) The indoors are ought to be constructed in a way that in case of fire it is supposed to be steady for the utmost period and it must defend against the fire dispersion among two buildings with an tolerable system for the smoke discharge 4) The outside walls and roof of construction must defend against the fire to reach over from a construction to any more having stared to operation, height and pose. The blueprint of structure must be well architected to ease fire-fighters in shielding lives A performance oriented process for structural inferno design is akin to the modus operandi of devious structures to wind masses and seismic effects. The role of a structural component will be definite and a set of objective tests will be prearranged that allocates the assessment of fire recital in relation to the key practical decisive factor on the other hand, Prescriptive method characterizes a structural conflagration design moderately accurate in requisites of the resources involved, contour and extent of structural rudiments, depth of fire safety materials and construction detail etc. The design proposals are mostly based on the practice with matching or analogous standard inferno tests. It is necessary to carry out more than one test for a specific perimeter in array to verify the results obtained from the previous test as in earlier investigations by experts it is revealed

Is Price the Only Factor That Determines a Buyers Decision Essay Example for Free

Is Price the Only Factor That Determines a Buyers Decision Essay When consuming products and services, customers pay attention to several factors to make sure that they have made a sensible decision. Perhaps, the very first thing to be taken into account, under some circumstances, is price. However, it should not always be the sole consideration for purchasing decisions. From my point of view, apart from price, there are other determinants that can have a strong impact on a buyer’s decision, namely quality, buyer psychology and commitments that a firm offers its customers. To begin with, it can be said for sure that for most wise consumers, the quality of products or services is remembered long whereas the price is soon forgotten. When people make up their mind to consume something, they definitely want it to be worthy of their money. To be more specific, they are willing to have their ideal products although their prices can, sometimes, be very costly simply because of their durability. Long-lasting products are preferable, especially for careful consumers who are always in pursuit of the stability of the products. From another context, in terms of buyer psychology, many customers are not afraid of high cost to own certain products since not only do the products serve their needs, but they also help them to express their fashion-consciousness and status. For example, fashionable clothes enjoy increasing demand from celebrities every year though the producers set high prices. In addition, pricing low does not always work, even it can be counter-productive because consumers may assume that the products are below normal standards or the firm is going bankruptcy, which may lead to the damage of the company’s image and prestige. Last but not least, commitments to customers that a producer makes are also of great importance. These commitments usually come along with guarantees or after-sales services. Customers may pay higher amount of money for the products, however, in exchange, they are certain that they can have substitutes or indemnities when problems associated with the products happen. In other word, regardless of high prices, consumers are satisfied because they are offered certainty. In these cases, prices are also not the matter. In general, price is a significant factor that affects buyer decisions, but it is not the only determinants. Wise customers always seek for perfection from the products or services; hence, price should only be one of the aspects to be considered.

Writing a Personal Narrative :: Personal Narrative Writing

Purpose and Audience Personal narratives allow you to share your life with others and vicariously experience the things that happen around you. Your job as a writer is to put the reader in the midst of the action letting him or her live through an experience. Although a great deal of writing has a thesis, stories are different. A good story creates a dramatic effect, makes us laugh, gives us pleasurable fright, and/or gets us on the edge of our seats. A story has done its job if we can say, "Yes, that captures what living with my father feels like," or "Yes, that’s what being cut from the football team felt like." Structure There are a variety of ways to structure your narrative story. The three most common structures are: chronological approach, flashback sequence, and reflective mode. Select one that best fits the story you are telling. Methods Show, Don’t’ Tell Don’t tell the reader what he or she is supposed to think or feel. Let the reader see, hear, smell, feel, and taste the experience directly, and let the sensory experiences lead him or her to your intended thought or feeling. Showing is harder than telling. It’s easier to say, "It was incredibly funny," than to write something that is incredibly funny. The rule of "show, don’t tell" means that your job as a storyteller is not to interpret; it’s to select revealing details. You’re a sifter, not an explainer. An easy way to accomplish showing and not telling is to avoid the use of "to be" verbs. Let People Talk It’s amazing how much we learn about people from what they say. One way to achieve this is through carefully constructed dialogue. Work to create dialogue that allows the characters’ personalities and voices to emerge through unique word selection and the use of active rather than passive voice. Choose a Point of View Point of view is the perspective from which your story is told. It encompasses where you are in time, how much you view the experience emotionally (your tone), and how much you allow yourself into the minds of the characters. Most personal narratives are told from the first-person limited point of view. If you venture to experiment with other points of view, you may want to discuss them with Miss Burke as you plan your piece.

All Grown Up and No Place to Go Teenagers in Crisis

Child and adolescent development specialist David Elkind contends that today's teenager’s are struggling as the result of a shift in society to a â€Å"postmodern† period. In this period, â€Å"the needs of children and youth are often weighted less heavily than are the needs of parents and the rest of adult society† ( xiii ). Elkind believes that, as a result, â€Å"we as a society have abrogated our responsibility to young people† (xiv).Elkind explains how, in this postmodern period, adults mistakenly treat teenagers as though they were already competent and sophisticated, and therefore do not guide them from childhood into adulthood, as youth were guided in previous generations. His words sound a clear warning to teachers and other adults who tend to confuse teenager’s' physical maturity with emotional, psychological, social, intellectual, and spiritual maturity. A useful feature is his discussion of how the â€Å"growth markers† that were formerly available to guide children into adolescence and teens into adulthood are now absent.Examples include girls of all ages now being encouraged to wear makeup and sophisticated clothes, and boys of all ages being encouraged to participate in high-stakes competitive sports teams. Teen’s perception of stereotypes varies from person to person. It is interesting to know that how teens identify groups and how they decide to associate themselves with particular ones, at a time in their lives when age-mates take on a greater significance and the influence of adults diminishes.Teachers should not ignore or underestimate the power of peer influence; although we commonly think of this influence in negative terms, this article helps us recognize that peer influence can be a positive contributor to teenager’s' classroom behavior, too. The role of environment in determining behavior is considered, much greater by the intellectual descendants of Locke. More than adherents of other schools, they see humans as substantially malleable; they are convinced that children's behavior responds to the expectations expressed for it.Thus, if we believe that teenagers will be moody and rude, our children are likely to comply; if we relegate them to a social holding pattern, they will adopt the general characteristics of powerlessness. The discipline of child psychology, as well as the children it studies, is influenced by cultural assumptions seems beyond doubt. But then, what is to be made of these conflicting views about the plasticity of development? It would hardly be feasible to attempt a grand synthesis of these positions. David Elkind, a longtime observer and scholar of child development and family life, sees in the modern family a â€Å"permeable† family.He discerns in the seeming imbalances and morbidities of postmodern families the stresses hammering at children and youth in the contemporary society and a new family form emerging, a form that is bas ed on values and sentiments that prepare its members to cope with this stunning array of pressures. Three sentiments and their resulting practices are particularly heartening from his point of view. To be sure, by the teenage years, parents must exercise most of their authority by stating acceptable alternatives and sticking to them, even if that means throwing a child out of the house.In a sense, then, we are no longer talking about the kind of parental control liberationists object to, but more subtle pressures generally compatible with their stand except insofar as they think teens have a right to financial support no matter what their behavior. Teens might also insist that drinking or doing drugs should be their own choice, just as it is for adults. But the reverberations both for themselves and for those about them suggest the desirability of pressing them to limit such activities in a way that might not be appropriate for adults.David Elkind has warned against pushing children too fast in an age-inappropriate manner. Latency-age children bear much of the burden of a faster-paced society. Adults are spending more time at work than ever before; children are shuffled between activities in part due to their parents' schedules. Children's time outside of school has become more structured; they participate in extracurricular pursuits at earlier ages. Doing nothing, as in â€Å"those lazy, hazy days of summer,† previously part of the culture of a child, is no longer promoted or valued. Some children no longer just go out to play, they have â€Å"play dates.† They are infrequently left free to explore what they would do if there were nothing to do. There is no time for daydreaming. Television and computers have replaced quieter moments. Rarely do you hear a child say, â€Å"Turn off the television. I want to read now. † In this speeded-up society, adults are resigned to Elkind's concerns; there is no turning back for today's children. Parent s may rationalize and say it is a good learning experience for an eight-year-old to be home alone. Elkind's recommendation is that given the stress imposed on them, children should be taught skills to help them cope effectively with what is expected of them.For example, the â€Å"latchkey† child should be offered assistance such as phone numbers for reaching a parent, the police, and a neighbor, and instructions on what to do in case of fire. Rituals and routines are important components in the structure of the middle childhood years. As children begin to organize and classify their knowledge, they come to depend on routines to help them consciously and unconsciously deal with new issues and experiences. Birthdays, secular and religious rituals, and common developmental milestones all help them to find their place in the world.They are seeking to be connected to the larger society through attachments in school, with their peers, with their teachers, in social activities, and in their families. Ironically, because teenager’s are continually redefining their thinking about self and their own value systems, they are highly vulnerable to believing in media myths. As such, outside-in problems manufactured by the media through the power of suggestion and constant repetition become teenager’s' inside-out personal problems In short, adolescence is the stage in life when children begin to question their own thinking in light of what others think of them as well as for them.In this regard, teenager’s' sense of thinking is not wholly independent of their social sense of self. Although as parents, researchers, and teachers, we may be aware of the variable nature of the teenager’s' thinking self, we may not realize that adolescence is a relatively new stage in human development. In colonial America, teenager’s served as a source of cheap labor. With the advent of modern industrialization, longer periods of schooling have been requi red to prepare children for the workplace. This, in turn, has extended the time that children are economically dependent on their parents.As children enter the teenage culture, they are drawn away from their parents and into peer groups. In the process, teenager’s' developing social sense of self is placed into a tug of war between the norms and pressures of parents and friends. Adolescence in America is the psychological equivalent of toddlerhood. Just as toddlers move away from their parents physically, so teenager’s move away from their parents emotionally There are continuous negotiations between parents and children about distance. Children want to explore and parents want to keep them safe.And both toddlers and teenagers are outraged when their parents don't agree with them about the ideal balance of freedom and security. As teenager’s turn to their peers for validation and support, they often engage in intense experimentation, exploring a wide range of po ssibilities that often contradict parents' cherished beliefs in behavioral norms. In the process, teenagers may become the biggest enforcers and proselytizers for their own peer culture: Teenagers may punish other teenagers for failing to achieve the same impossible goals that they themselves are unable to obtain.Moreover, they may rush to set standards to ward off the imposition of others' standards on them. All the while, the content of the standards may remain variable often depending on what standards the media is marketing at a given time, from baggy pants and body piercing to tattoos and the latest neon hair styles. Teenager’s' social sense of self invariably leads to contradictions, as does their thinking sense of self. Social self-contradictions arise from teenager’s' membership in multiple groups that maintain different expectations and norms.More importantly, contradictions continually arise as teenager’s switch their loyalties from one peer group to t he next, giving rise to competing allegiances. In sum, teenager’s experience contradictions inside-out in terms of their thinking sense of self as well as outside in terms of their social sense of self. In many instances, the frustrations of these contradictions are further exacerbated by the academic sense of self that schools promote. One of the most visibly striking transformations during adolescence occurs as a girl's body changes in size and shape.Girls tend to appear rounder as their hips widen, and fat develops in the breasts, thighs, and buttocks. As these changes occur, culture tells girls that thinness is beautiful, even imperative. Not surprisingly, it is also during this period that girls become increasingly concerned with their bodies. Girls' changing bodies provide powerful stimuli to the self and others. A pertinent issue during early adolescence is that bodily changes bring about a sense of fragmentation in body image. Thus, the body is frequently depicted as a collection of individual parts, such as breasts and hips.So, for example, many girls this age worry about the size of their breasts. In the United States, bigger is generally considered better, yet not from girls' perspectives. Rather others are believed to hold that value. Because the body is often times viewed as a reflection of the self, the eroticization processes through which the body is transformed into a sexual object become a major source of conflict for many teenager girls. Teenager girls continue to suffer in multiple ways as a result of these complex social processes.Meanwhile the psychologists and psychiatrists who have historically led the study of what is known as â€Å"body image† have done so in ways that limit knowledge and understanding of girls, further contributing to the structures supporting domination and oppression of females. That is, these researchers have almost exclusively studied â€Å"body image† through quantitative measures that assum e objectivity. In the process, they have conveniently and openly ignored and dismissed contributions from social scientists and feminists who have studied the body from alternative and more hopeful perspectivesNevertheless, body image work has become influential, creating at least three problems. First, the historical study of â€Å"body image† has contributed to the objectification of the body. Second, â€Å"body image† researchers have created a logic of pathology to explain girls' problems Result of irresponsible sexual activity is substantial teenage motherhood. Yet the consequences of early childbearing are extremely damaging. Pregnancy doubles the risk that a girl will drop out of school; most such girls never return, regardless of their financial situation or ethnic background.Once the child is born, the girl is unlikely to be in a position to earn more than welfare would offer her and she has the responsibility of a child to boot. But if she chooses to go on we lfare, her sense of agency and independence is seriously damaged. If she marries instead, she is not only unlikely to finish her schooling but also faces a significantly higher probability of divorce than a woman who waits until her twenties to marry. Thus girls who engage in unprotected sex and who elect to keep their babies are at serious risk of a worse life than they could otherwise have expected.â€Å"But the damage does not stop there. The plight of their children is painful. Neither parent may take responsibility: they may be ignored by their fathers and handed to some female relative by their mothers. For the child, this may be a blessing in disguise, as the most irresponsible teens are those least likely to possess the qualities required for good childrearing. As these babies get older, however, they show the effects of their unfavorable environment. Children of teen mothers score worse on ability tests, get worse grades, and expect less in the way of education than childr en of older women.They also get less education, marry earlier, and divorce more often†. (p. 133) David Elkind questions the popular conception of parental authority Exerting parental authority doesn't mean that we can't play ball with our children or joke with them or have fun with them. Being a parent doesn't mean being an ogre or a relentless disciplinarian. Rather it means asserting ourselves as adults who have more experience, knowledge, and skill than our offspring. Children and teenagers are young and inexperienced. They very much need and want guidance and instruction from us. (205)At least three areas of concern arise from the literature about violence on television. The obvious ones are the relationship between television violence and aggression, even if the aggression is not directed against society, and the desensitization of children to pain and suffering. The less obvious one is the potential for children who are sensitive and vulnerable to become more fearful and insecure upon exposure to violence on television. â€Å"Television has brought murder into the home, where it belongs† (Elkind, p. 103). Murders and crime occur about ten times more frequently on television than in the real world.A third of all characters in television shows are committing crime or fighting it, most with guns. It becomes, therefore, a chicken-and-egg question. When one examines violence in films the trend towards increased gore and explicit horror is easily documented. Rather than reflecting the content and meaning associated with myths and fairy tales, horror films today are pure sensation with little serious content. If violence on television is controlled, children and adults will still be able to experience violence vicariously through other media such as films, books, and recordings.The contemporary challenges that have created this increase in stress among today's teenager’s, in Elkind's terms — the â€Å"perils of puberty,†  "peer shock,† and â€Å"family permutations†. Authentic parenting is an outgrowth of shared parenting but integrates unilateral and mutual authority depending on the concern at hand and the developmental stage of the child. But it is also leavened by a realization that each parent can perform their roles in ways that are true to their own temperaments, personalities, and experience. Finally, there is an emergent relationship between community and family.How well a family does is seen as partly dependent upon the ties it has with the community and the resources and assets available in the community. Community service has become a part of the required curriculum in many schools. Other neighborhoods are reaching out to isolated families or individuals and families in trouble. Some schools have become â€Å"lighted schoolsâ€Å"—twenty-four-hour family resource centers providing programs, services, and opportunities for connections to others. According to Elkind, i nterdependence is a central value and sentiment that underlies this emerging family form.â€Å"Interdependence is founded upon a sense of being both one and many, of being different from everyone else and like them at the same time† (p. 220). Traces of his longing for the modern family aside, Elkind's thesis about the new family embodies some of what we know about family resilience to this point. And it can apply in spirit to all families and caretaking relationships. It is important, as a starting point, to realize that every family, even those in the midst of gripping disorganization and bewildering turmoil, has strengths and capacities.Every angry, demanding parent has moments of caring; every confused teenagers has moments of hope and clarity; every abusive father has a twinge of doubt or regret. At some time in every family's life there have been periods of relative calm and stability. Every family has overcome hurdles, some more successfully than others. All of these ar e resources to be drawn upon, by the family members themselves or by someone who would deign to be of help to them. Works Cited Elkind David. ( 1998). All Grown Up and No Place to Go: Teenagers in Crisis. Rev. ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley

Controlling Organized Crime Essay

Organized crime groups have been around since the 1900’s. The mafia who came from Italy and other countries to the United States started their business and became a nuisance over a period. The mob became a problem for society with their illegal activities such as gambling, racketeering and prostitution that includes other violent behaviors. The mafia was famous for manipulating individuals with their power and greed. These organized crime units became so popular that it took a group of FBI special agents and special trained police officers to shut down the most powerful and notorious organized crime units. This paper will provide definitions, principles, and theories from previous assignments, in which a thesis will be established regarding the control of organized crime. In addition, this paper will identify the problems presented and the various relationships created by organized crime. The legal limitations associated with combating organized crime, including a critique of the large federal laws and strategies that support this effort. Suggestions for a realistic solution to control organized crime by discussing and evaluating the effectiveness of organized crime organized crime prosecutions. Even though, Fear and intimidation makes it hard to bring members of organized crime groups to justice, organized crime and gangs is a major problem to society. It has destroyed many neighborhoods and families. Murder, drugs, prostitution, corrupt political officials and police departments have always been a part of the organized crime groups. These organized groups and gangs will continue to exist so long as there is fear within our society. Identify the problems presented and the various relationships established by organized crime Organized crime is a major problem to society. It has destroyed many neighborhoods with drugs, prostitution, and murder and corrupt political and police departments. Many people believe that these organizations start from individuals who are living in high crime areas, who suffer from poverty and uneducated. The truth of the matter is that many of these individuals build their empires through their intelligence. They become structured organizations that many people fear. They use scare tactics to members of society that allows them to get away with their illegal activities. Society becomes some concerned that they were scared to report these criminal activities to the police. Organized crime and street gangs both uses their power and violent behaviors against members of their communities. Some criminal activities they are connected with including murder, extortion and bribery. These groups use a lot of scare tactics and intimidation against members of the community that continue to run down our neighborhoods with more crime. Describe the legal limitations associated with combating organized crime, including a critique of the large federal laws and strategies that support this effort. Organized crime consists of different ethical backgrounds and language barriers. They do not racial profile against these groups; however, to be of another ethnic origin makes it hard for an individual to join. Police used individuals who were familiar with their territory they are often from the same ethnic backgrounds who understand their language and how they operate. The problem that occurred with legal limitations was learning how the organized groups operated. They began to recruit from within to take down these groups. The groups used store fronts, trafficking, and other members to hide their illegal  activities. Many of their illegal operations evolved around money with educated people to cover up the transactions made it harder for law enforcement to arrest these individuals. Suggest a realistic solution to control organized crime by discussing and evaluating the effectiveness of organized crime prosecutions. Law enforcement at one point did not believe that organized crime will end. It may be targeted and decrease over time both the truth is organized crime will always exist and will be a part of our society and make it hard for police to bring these individuals to justice and prosecuted. One solution in preventing organized crime will be to charge all persons involved in illegal activities. To bring these people to justice and made an example. These individuals should face hard time for their illegal activities. Providing harsher sentences will deter individuals from joining these organized groups, or gangs are to show these individuals that they can and will be punished for their crimes. Bring more police power to high crime areas could also eliminate the initiation of these groups. Educating individuals on the importance of how not to join these groups could put trust back into the community. Provide more job training and alternative actions when they fear intimidation of joining these groups. Police officers should have extensive training that teaches how to conduct productive investigations could also eliminate criminal acts. Organized crime consists of members of a group who carry out criminal acts to gain profit and power. This action could include murder, abuse and intimidation among their members. The use of violence prevents members within a neighborhood or the group to come forward; this makes it hard to bring the organizers to justice. Organized crime groups and gangs act under some of the same structures that make it hard to distinguish if they are a gang or an organized crime group. They both promote within their groups as status quo. Many of the members are family of their leaders. One preventive method would be to keep taking down  these groups eliminate their ability to become successful. Organized members or gangs often choose to live their lives as criminals and thrive on performing illegal activities. Their use their fame and power to intimidate and promote more members. These are self-employed criminals who sometimes do not see a way out of their criminal behavior. Organized crime and gangs will never end. However, the police force is continuing to look for ways to eliminate these groups. Many of the laws that are in place to crack down on these operations are not the most efficient. One way to remove some of these illegal activities is to legalize some of their business profits. According to Lyman (2007) â€Å"there are theories in organized criminal theories that help to the understanding of criminal organizations. There are three methods of organized crime that assist to the understanding of criminal organizations. The first theory is the Alien Conspiracy theory, which blames outside influences and outsiders for the rise of organized crime in American society. Second, the Rational Choice Theory is when a person weighs the pros and cons of living a particular lifestyle; in addition they also know what the consequences of their actions are as well.† Finally, the deterrence theory is when punishment is instituted as a threat to deter others from offending. Clearly deterrence is an opinion many studies states that criminals who are arrested are not necessarily deterring from criminal behavior. The bottom line is that when punishment is used as a threat it is up to that individual, not to commit any further crime. References: Lyman, M. D., & Potter, G. W. (2007). Organized Crime (4th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Mallory, S. L. (2007). Understanding Organized Crime. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Social Disorganization. (2012). Retrieved from http://mhk-rad.blogspot.com/2012/07/social-disorganization.html

Macbeth Response Act One, two, three and four essays

Macbeth Response Act One, two, three and four essays Why does Macbeth decide to kill Duncan? From the beginning of the play Macbeth is seen to be a worthy person with great courage and respect from his men. Already Thane of Glamis, Macbeth earns himself the title of Thane of Cawdor by his heroic performance on the battlefield. Macbeths first meeting with the three witches makes Macbeth nervous but it is then that he first has the thoughts of becoming King of Scotland. On arriving home to his castle he is greeted by Lady Macbeth who has been hatching a plan to murder King Duncan. She rids herself of feminine thoughts and any feelings of remorse and has no regrets when she pressures the uncertain Macbeth into the murder of his King. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have desires of becoming King and Queen of Scotland, and Lady Macbeth sees Duncans arrival at Macbeths castle as an opportunity to the quickest route to fulfilling the witchs prophecies. Macbeth is under immense pressure from his and his ladys desires, the prophecies from the witches, and the opportunities to murder his king. Even so, Macbeth murders Duncan and in the desperation of the morning after, the sons flee and Macbeth is able to become king. How do Lady Macbeth and Macbeth react to the actual murder of Duncan? Macbeth enters King Duncans chamber as apprehensive and nervous as when he leaves. Following an imaginary dagger, Macbeth is doubtful about the actions he is about to undertake. The doubts mount to regret as he returns gingerly to his bedroom to find his excited Lady. The Lady, confident with the nights killing is angered by Macbeth when he produces the murderous daggers which are covered in blood so she returns them. Macbeth is haunted by bodiless calls and taunts that Macbeth shalt sleep no more, Macbeth hath murdered sleep. Lady Macbeth dismisses these taunts as just voices inside his head. MacDuff arrived at Macbeths castle ...

Free Essays on Digging

the world is changing and ‘men like them’ are no longer needed. Turf c... Free Essays on Digging Free Essays on Digging The poem "Digging" (533) by Seamus Heaney is about a person looking out of a window at their Father digging. The poet is describing what he/she sees while their Father is working hard. Then the poem goes on to describe the feelings and emotions that the individual is feeling while the digging is occurring. The first and most obvious clue that allows me to realize who the author is in line one, "Between my finger and my thumb." (1). The poet writes in the first person throughout the poem creating the belief that he is speaking about himself. He writes about his Father and his Grandfather and he seems to move from describing his Father to describing his Grandfather. He does this so smoothly that the reader hardly notices that the transition from Father to Grandfather took place. The second clue to revealing the author is slightly more hidden. The poet mentions turf. Now Ireland is one of the only countries left in Europe that still have turf bogs. Since Seamus Heaney is Irish there is an obvious link to his country. When the poet writes about his Grandfather he implies that there used to be a lot of turf cutters in his day. "My Grandfather cut more turf in a day than any other man on Toners bog," (17-18). The lines show the amount of pride that the boy has towards his Grandfather. The line also implies that there used to be a lot of turf-cutters in his day. Heaney writes, "But I've no spade to follow men like them." (28). This could be written for a number of reasons, one could be that he just doesn't want to be a turf digger like his family. He might not find it mentally stimulating enough, but fears that his family will be upset about him doing something new and different. But he shows a lot of pride in what his Father and Grandfather do and did for a living. The person may also be upset because turf cutters are no longer needed. In other words the world is changing and ‘men like them’ are no longer needed. Turf c...

I vs. Me

I vs. Me I vs. Me I vs. Me By Maeve Maddox Some personal pronouns have two forms, one that is used as the subject of a verb and one that is used as the object of a verb or preposition. Subject forms: I, he, she, we, they My sister and I live in Texas. We raise chickens. (subject forms) Jack and she moved to Paris. They love it there. (subject forms) Object forms: me, him, her, us, them Mary gave me your address. (indirect object of a verb) The neighbors invited my wife and me to dinner. (object of a verb) We met him at the movies. We met her there too. We like them. (objects of a verbs) Jack writes to him every day. We went with them. (objects of prepositions) Presumably, these distinctions are taught to children in school. Supposedly, teachers and other school personnel model this usage to the students. Yet this is what we hear all around us: â€Å"Me and my friends went to Miami.† â€Å"The Governor invited my wife and I to dinner.† Those of us who know and care that I is a subject word and me is an object word react to such usage with feelings–if not cries–of outrage, but they continue. Actors portraying psychologists, FBI agents, and medical examiners declare, â€Å"Me and my colleagues interviewed the suspect.† â€Å"Him and his girlfriend were seen on the balcony.† â€Å"Make a reservation for Megan and I.† Don’t the actors know better even if the scriptwriters are semi-literate? The answer may well be that both actors and scriptwriters â€Å"know better,† but don’t care. They may desire to speak in a nonstandard way to show their freedom from what they regard as stuffy rule-following convention. On the other hand, they may not â€Å"know better.† They may genuinely believe that it’s correct to use Me as a subject and I as an object in a compound, even though they would never use them that way when the subject or object is not a compound. With grammatical constructions–as with Big Lies–if we hear them often enough, they will eventually â€Å"sound right.† Language changes inexorably from generation to generation. Pronouns alter more slowly than any other part of speech, but they do change. English once had three pronoun numbers: singular, dual, and plural. We lost the dual form early on. The singular second person pronoun thou and its forms thee, thy and thine dropped out of popular speech in the 16th century. (The Quakers retained some of the usage.) The second person plural went through some changes before settling on you for both singular and plural. Before you won as the all-purpose second person pronoun, ye was the subject form and you was the object form. The distinction was still being observed in the KJV translation of the Bible, but in popular speech, ye and you were becoming muddled: No doubt but ye are the people, and wisdom shall die with you. 1611 translation of Job 12:2 A southwest wind blow on ye And blister you all over! Shakespeare’s The Tempest, c.1611. As painful as the thought is to those of us who care, the mix-up of me and I in compound subjects and objects may become the norm. What do you think? Is there any way to reverse the trend? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?Cannot or Can Not?Sentence Adverbs

Nelson Mandela and Mohanas Gandhi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nelson Mandela and Mohanas Gandhi - Essay Example Mandela fought selflessly for his people and was jailed for 27 years. However, once in power he did not retaliate, but instead chose to form the rainbow country. (Martin, 2013) Linguistic intelligence can be described as the ability to master, explore and use words to successfully communicate with others. Mandela was a great speaker who wooed and ‘wowed’ the crowd with his linguistic ability. While in prison, he convinced people to go on a hunger strike to coerce the authority to improve their living conditions. Gandhi was also a prolific speaker. He had a large collection of written works in different fields that are quoted, studied and admired all over the world. They also possessed Interpersonal intelligence. This is the ability to look at people outwardly and understand fears, motivations and intentions and then use that knowledge to influence people towards a desired goal. Gandhi upon reaching South Africa realized that his people were being mistreated and he therefore decided to fight for their rights. Mandela was also not happy with the apartheid regime that segregated his people. Since he could easily read their minds, he easily convinced them to use violent protests. Gandhi on the other hand convinced his people to uphold the non-violent disobedience policy even though they were being

Impact on labour law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Impact on labour law - Essay Example John Barrett who was a suspicious schizophrenic patient absconded immediately after his release by Gill Mezey. John Barrett reportedly killed one Dennis Finnegan aged about 50 when he was cycling through Richmond Park in South West London in the day after Barrett’s release. A domestic inquiry was held by the Trust and two reports had reprimanded Mezey’s clinical management of John Barrett. .Hospital authorities suspended Gill Mezey with full pay for her negligence from all her duties. On manslaughter charges, John Barrett was sentenced to life. Hospital authorities relied on their hospital’s disciplinary procedure and policy which, it pleaded that equivalent to a contractual authority. In the mean time, Mezey had at her own free will absolved from her clinical duties following the episode as she felt that it would facilitate her from the chance of suspension. Mezey voluntarily undertook non-clinical duties like research and teaching mainly to avoid suspension. Both St George’s Mental Health NHS Trust and South West London administration were sued by Dr. Gill Mezey for suspending her on full pay. She claimed that she incurred pecuniary losses due to her illegal suspension as she could not practice her profession. Immediately after the incident, the trust perused a series of in-house probes which culminated in disciplinary action initiated against Mezey. Earlier, she was suspended on full pay from teaching and clinical duties pending the result of the punitive hearings. Aggrieved by her suspension, Mezey brought before UK High Court a breach of contract proceedings claiming that her suspension was against the Trust’s policy which stated that no employee could be suspended until there was enough concrete proof warranting the suspension. She also preyed that there was no incorporation of disciplinary proceedings in her contract of employment and in any case, her suspension was not

The Advantage of Knowing the Business Environment Research Paper

The Advantage of Knowing the Business Environment - Research Paper Example As the discussion highlights  information technology has been the driving force of economic development, while reformist asserts that government contributes to changes in the environment through their monetary and fiscal policy. Government legislates regulation that the companies are mandated to follow such as labor codes, and health and sanitation; hence, the firms’ movement is restricted. Moreover, they are subjected to international and local policies that may alter their business strategies. Although globalization has been associated with the trends in technological innovation, it also signifies the penetration of an international firm to local markets. Business sectors that aim to expand their market size are governed by the political, economic, and social norms.This paper stresses that the view of Keynesian on the role of government is significant in studying the market. Government shapes the operation of a globalized firm. However, with the integration of the internet , global marketers have reached their prospect consumers where no boundaries are set. An example of a global firm is KFC, an American fast-food sector that successfully integrates the Chinese market.  Marketing research is the strategy used by firms to gather relevant information as their basis in devising a marketing plan. The purpose of marketing research is to gain competitive advantage and reduce uncertainty. Competitive Advantage Marketing research aims to study the environment of a particular area. The environment contains factors that can affect the business operation. In studying the local market, STEP analysis is employed. STEP stands for social, technological, economic, and political factors that are relevant in determining the success of a company. Social factors refer to the demographics (e.g. age, gender, and education), class, values, and etc. To effectively capture the target market of KFC, they must research on the lifestyle, values, and other social attributes necessary in formulating a marketing strategy. The target markets of KFC are younger generation, since they are opened for foreign influence compared to older people. Moreover, technology is utilized in selling products and services. For an instance, KFC must determine the number of households with online access and their pattern of using the internet to become their basis of choosing a medium for adverts. On the one hand, the economic and p olitical factors are relevant in shaping the marketing strategy of a firm. They are concerned with the macro and micro economics that may affect the stability of a company. Thus, the information gathered are compiled and studied to construct a comprehensive plan in winning the market. Gould (2008, p.4) suggests another method of ensuring the company’s success is through SWOT analysis. This analysis is centered on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the external and internal environment of firms. The company enables to know their weaknesses and devise a ‘defensive’ strategy to counteract the ‘offensive’ strategy of the competitors. Thus, if the competitors strike, the company

West and the World Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

West and the World - Assignment Example The authors explained the effects of decolonization by focusing on the impacts colonization on countries. Decolonization is perceived as had a key influence on the lack of economic growth in Egypt (Smith et al. 3). After Gamal Abdel Nasser took over the reins in Egypt the result was that Britain persuaded the U.S. not to support the development of Suez Canal, to counter the takeover of the Suez Canal by Nasser administration. Further, the British did not believe that Egypt could manage such a vast project. Pan-Arab nationalism offers alternatives to the communist capitalist societies and politics. President Sukarno argues that decolonization can create an alternative to US and USSR ideologies and include; fear of ideologies, fear of hydrogen bomb and fear of the future. This is evidenced by the fact that vast areas of Africa and Asia lack freedom, and resulting in a third wave of nationalism. Hence, nations lack economic control, physical control and intellectual control, which minimizes the potential of communities to develop. As people viewed decolonization as the source result of nationalism, and freedom from oppression, the resulting economic impacts had not been accounted for and the assumed colonial Free states experience several social, economic and political problems. Richard Wright argues that decolonization has had an impact on racial issues. World conferences are held based on racial, social and religious backgrounds of societies. These conferences are the centers for making essential world decisions, but they have discriminations on individuals based on their racial and religious backgrounds. Tolerance of the differences unified around the vision of racial diversification. For example, in French, there were several torture cases based on racial backgrounds of individuals. These depict social injustice. Decolonization herald new insights into the world political system as it ushered in new forms of government free of

Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Activity - Essay Example With the aim of finding new opportunities, the organization has to expand their line of business to meet customers’ demands, hence shun recurrent complains. To avoid failing of the business as well as ensuring adequate meeting of client’s demands, it entails the firm to apply appropriately marketing mix. Under product marketing mix, the organization will consider its 4Ps with the intention of applying it effectively with the intention of attaining high aggressive edge (Czinkota, Ilkka &Michael 57). The firm ought to expand its line of products by embarking on producing clothes other than games skits including supplying even hospitals with customized lab coats, patients’ attires as well as those of nurses. When setting the prices for the goods, it must know the reference value and set prices that are not costly compared to other firms supplying similar goods. Since the company will be supplying its merchandises in large quantities, it ought to sell them in wholesale terms including prices in order to retain and please its pool of clientele or segment. When it comes to promotion of the product, the company must get involved in things like exhibitions and trade fairs whereby it can adequately showcase the quality and range of goods. Placement in this case will entail the company to choose carefully the region or area easily accessible by not only clients but also other suppliers wishing to embrace the role of supplying. Under service marketing mix, the 3Ps, there must be physical evidence for the delivery of goods, which is either packaged or a signed delivery note (Czinkota, Ilkka , & Michael 57). The people who deliver the goods must do it in time besides products meeting all the requirements that were in the order (Czinkota, Ilkka & Michael 57). The processes of supplying goods or any other service that the customers need should be effective, which in turn will result to building

West and the World Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

West and the World - Assignment Example The authors explained the effects of decolonization by focusing on the impacts colonization on countries. Decolonization is perceived as had a key influence on the lack of economic growth in Egypt (Smith et al. 3). After Gamal Abdel Nasser took over the reins in Egypt the result was that Britain persuaded the U.S. not to support the development of Suez Canal, to counter the takeover of the Suez Canal by Nasser administration. Further, the British did not believe that Egypt could manage such a vast project. Pan-Arab nationalism offers alternatives to the communist capitalist societies and politics. President Sukarno argues that decolonization can create an alternative to US and USSR ideologies and include; fear of ideologies, fear of hydrogen bomb and fear of the future. This is evidenced by the fact that vast areas of Africa and Asia lack freedom, and resulting in a third wave of nationalism. Hence, nations lack economic control, physical control and intellectual control, which minimizes the potential of communities to develop. As people viewed decolonization as the source result of nationalism, and freedom from oppression, the resulting economic impacts had not been accounted for and the assumed colonial Free states experience several social, economic and political problems. Richard Wright argues that decolonization has had an impact on racial issues. World conferences are held based on racial, social and religious backgrounds of societies. These conferences are the centers for making essential world decisions, but they have discriminations on individuals based on their racial and religious backgrounds. Tolerance of the differences unified around the vision of racial diversification. For example, in French, there were several torture cases based on racial backgrounds of individuals. These depict social injustice. Decolonization herald new insights into the world political system as it ushered in new forms of government free of

Should nationalism be discouraged Substantiate your answer with facts Essay

Should nationalism be discouraged Substantiate your answer with facts and examples - Essay Example In this view an individual’s claim to being a citizen of a nation may be considered as either voluntary or as involuntary (D’Anieri 48). In terms of our self-determination, the concepts of nationalism do raise questions as to whether these concepts must be comprehended as requiring an individual to acquire full citizenship with absolute authority over any domestic or international affairs. These nationalism concepts also raise questions concerning whether an individual may require satisfying lesser requirements in order to exercise absolute forms of nationalism. With reference to the above facts, the concept of nationalism should therefore be encouraged. The concepts of nationalism have previously been used by different people who have mainly been unsatisfied by the inconsistencies that exist between the social orders of their people and their identification with a country’s traditional identity (D’Anieri 119). Such a situation normally results in anomie, a situation that requires the intervention of nationalists for efficient resolutions to the people’s problems (D’Anieri 125). In such situations, the societies have had to reinterpreting their identities while eliminating those elements that are perceived as being unacceptable for the major reason of reunifying their communities. For example, in the 18th century, the concepts of nationalism brought about the French revolution when the French citizens decided to begin pushing for ethnic equality and popular sovereignties. Another good example of an instance where nationalism has led to the self determination aimed at ensuring popular sovereignty occurred during the American Revolution (D’Anieri 122). The Cuban Revolution that was led by former leader, Fidel Castro is another example of an instance where the forces of nationalism encouraged the people’s self-determination that was aimed at ousting the government of Fulgencio Batista. His government, which was backed by the unpopular

John Locke helped create Modern Democracy Essay Example for Free

John Locke helped create Modern Democracy Essay John Locke was an English philosopher and was considered as the first British Empiricists. His contributions proved great importance to the development of epistemology and political philosophy during those times, and is regarded as the most influential thinker to contribute to the liberal theory of government. As a whole, John Locke’s importance is reflected by the American Declaration of Independence, since men by nature is free and equal, discarding the thought about having a monarch, as everyone is entitled to become a monarch. It was through John Locke’s theories that people’s eyes were opened to the reality, the fact that all of us are born free. John Locke viewed and claimed that men are naturally free and equal, versus the notion that God appointed a monarch to rule over other people. Some of the things that Locke fought for were the people’s basic rights, including the right to life, liberty, and property – these concerns became the basic foundations of laws in any particular society today (Tuckness). Looking closely at the implication of what John Locke has fought for, it is more of establishing a concrete grounding which can be used as basis of other rules and laws that you prepare. In the context of establishing a government, John Locke used the claim that men are naturally free and equal in order to justify the understanding regarding the legitimacy of a political government which is the outcome of a social contract that regards the people as the major stakeholders, and that the government will be established to ensure the stability, comfort and enjoyment of these people’s lives, liberty and property. In short, the government, though privileged to preside over the people, still rests on popular consent, and people are entitled to rebel if they see that the government is subversive of what they stand for – the protection of life, liberty and property (Tuckness). Governments, just like what we have today, exist by the consent of the people under the jurisdiction of that government. Their main purpose according to Locke is to protect these people’s rights, as well as promote public good. In relation to this, those governments who are unable to function accordingly can be resisted by the people and e replace with new governments (Blupete. com). Though nowadays it would surely undergo a very long process to replace a current government, people still have the power to pursue these measures if the need be. Locke advocated majority rule, something which is similar to the current democracy that we have today. Modern democracy as we see today can be greatly associated with what John Locke has helped establish and defended many years ago. The purpose is people empowerment, the realization of the people’s rights and fighting to preserve these rights against violators. This has led to the creation of the democratic government that we have today, and through this type of government, we live a free and equal lives, without oppression from other people, as well as injustice in the things we do. We see the democratic government not only as a ruling body in the society but also a guard that would keep watch of out precious inalienable rights as citizens of this country and as human beings. We have instated a higher ruling body to do a set of purpose, and if it doesn’t, it is our responsibility to tear it down and replace it with the ones which are more appropriate and more deserving of the position. It is not the government that runs the people, but instead, it’s the people that run the government. Works Cited: Blupete. com. John Locke (1632-1704):The Philosopher of Freedom. 2006. April 4 2008. http://www. blupete. com/Literature/Biographies/Philosophy/Locke. htm#Government. Tuckness, Alex. Lockes Political Philosophy. 2005. April 4 2008. http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/locke-political/.

Overview of Crawlers and Search Optimization Methods

Overview of Crawlers and Search Optimization Methods With the explosive growth of knowledge sources out there on the planet Wide internet, its become progressively necessary for users to utilize automatic tools in  the notice  the specified data resources, and to trace and analyze their usage patterns. Clustering is worn out some ways and by researchers in several disciplines, like clump is done on the premise of queries submitted to look engine. This paper provides an outline of algorithms that are useful in program optimization. The algorithms discuss personalized conception based clump algorithmic rule. Fashionable organizationsare geographically distributed. Typically, every web site domestically stores its ever increasing quantity of  everyday  knowledge. Using centralized Search optimized to find helpful patterns in such organizations, knowledge is not possible as a result of merging knowledge sets from totally differentwebsitesinto a centralized site incurs immense network communication prices. Knowledge  of  these organizations dont seem to be solely distributed over numerous locations however conjointly vertically fragmented, creating it troublesome if not possible to mix them in a very central location. Distributed Search optimized has therefore emerged as a full of life  Subarea  of  Search  optimized analysis.  Theyre  planning  a way to seek out the rank of every individual page within the native linguistics program surroundings. Keyword analysis tool conjointly accustomed. Keywords – Distributed data, Data Management System, Page Rank, program Result Page, Crawler INTRODUCTION A search engine may be a computer code thats designed to look for data on the planet Wide internet. The search results are typically given in a line of results usually named as Search Engine Result Page (SERPs). The data could also be a specialist in sites, images, data and different varieties of files. Some search engines conjointly mine knowledge out there in databases or open directories. In contrast to internet directories that are maintained solely by human editors, search engines conjointly maintain period data by running an algorithmic rule on an internet crawler. A look engine may be a web-based tool that permits users to find data on the planet. Wide internet well-liked samples of search enginesare Google, Yahoo, and MSN Search. Search engines utilize automatic code applications that follow the net, following links from page to page, site to site. Every program use totally different advanced mathematical formulas to get search results. The results for a particular question are then displayed on the SERP. Program algorithms take the key components of an internet page, together with the page title, similar content and used keywords. If any search result page get the higher ranking in the yahoo then it is not necessary that it’s also get the same rank at Google result page. To form things additional sophisticated, the algorithms utilized by search engines dont seem to be closely guarded secrets, theyre conjointly perpetually undergoing modification and revision. This implies that the factors to best optimize awebsitewith should be summarized through observation, additionally as trial and error and not one time.The programis divided roughly into 3 components: crawl, Indexing, and looking out. WORKING POSTULATE OF SEARCH ENGINE Crawling The foremost well-known crawler is termed â€Å"Google larva.† Crawlers scrutinize sites and follow links on those pages, very similar to that if anyone were browsing content on the net. They going from link to link and convey knowledge concerning those sites back to Google’s servers. An internet crawler is a web larva that consistently browses the planet Wide internet, generally for the aim of internet assortment. An internet crawler might also be referred to as an internet spider, or an automatic trained worker. Indexing Search engine assortment is that the method of a Search engine collection parses and stores knowledge to be used by the program. The particular program index is that the place wherever all the info the program has collected iskept. Its the program index that gives the results for search queries, and pages that are keep at intervals the program index that seem on the program results page. Without a look engine index, the program would take amounts of your time and energy anytime a question was initiated, because the program would need to search not solely each web content or piece of information that has got to do with the actual keyword employed in the search question, however each different piece of knowledge its access to, to make sure that its not missing one thing that has one thing to try and do with the actual keyword. Program spiders, conjointly referred to as program crawlers, are however the program index gets its data, additionally as keeping it up thus far and freed from spam. Crawl Sites The crawler module retrieves pages from the net for later analysis by the assortment module. For retrieve pages for the user query Crawler start it with U0. In this search result U0 come at a first place according to the prioritized. Now crawler retrieves the result of 1st important page i.e. U0, and puts the next important URLs U1 within the queue. This method is continual till the crawler decides to prevent. Given the big size and also the modification rate of the net, several problemsarise, together with the subsequent. Challenges of crawl 1) What pages ought to the crawler download? In most cases, the crawler cannot transfer all pages on the net [6]. Even the foremost comprehensive program presently indexesa little fraction of the whole internet. Given this reality, its necessary for the crawler to fastidiously choose the pages and to go to â€Å"important† pages 1st by prioritizing the URLs within the queue properly [fig. 1.1], in order that the fraction of the net thats visit isadditionally significant. It’sstartingout revisiting the downloaded pages so as to find changes and refresh the downloaded. The crawler might want to transfer â€Å"important† pages1st. 2) However ought to the crawler refresh pages? After download pages from the internet, crawler starting out revisiting the downloaded pages. The crawler has to fastidiously decide what page to come back and what page to skip, as a result of this call might considerably impact the â€Å"freshness† of the downloaded assortment. for instance, if a particular page seldom changes, the crawler might want to come back the page less usually, so as to go to additional often dynamical. 3) The load on the visited websites is reduced? When the crawler collects pages from the net; it consumes resources happiness to different organizations. For instance, once the crawler downloads page p on web site S, the location has to retrieve pageup from its classification system, intense disk and central processor resource. Also, once this retrieval the page has to be transferred through the network that is another resource, shared by multiple organizations. III. RELATED WORK Given taxonomy of words, an easy methodology used to calculate similarity between 2 words. If a word is ambiguous, then multiple strategies could exist between the two words. In such cases, entirely the shortest path between any a pair of senses of the words is taken into consideration for conniving similarity. A tangle that is usually acknowledged with this approach is that it depends on the notion that every one links at intervals the taxonomy represent a consistent distance. Page Count The Page Count property returns an extended price that indicates the amount of pages with information in an exceedingly Record set object. Use the Page Count property to see what percentage pages of knowledge square measure within the Record set object. Pages square measure teams of records whose size equals the Page Size property setting. Though the last page is incomplete as a result of their square measure fewer records than the Page Size price, it counts as an extra page within the Page Count Price. If the Record set object doesnt support this property, the worth are -1 to point that the Page Count is indeterminable. Some SEO tools square measure use for page count. Example- web site link count checker, count my page, net word count. Text Snippets Text Snippets square measure usually won’t to clarify that means of a text otherwise cluttered operate, or to reduce the employment of recurrent code thats common to different functions. Snip management may be a feature of some text editors, program ASCII text file editors, IDEs, and connected code. Search optimized additionally referred to as Discovery of Knowledge in large Databases (KDD) [9], is that the method of mechanically looking out giant volumes of knowledge for patterns mistreatment tools like classification, association rule mining, clustering, etc. Search optimized may be also work as info retrieval, machine learning and pattern recognition system. Search optimized techniques square measure the results of an extended method of analysis and products development. This evolution began once business information was initial hold on computers, continuing with enhancements in information access, and additional recently, generated technologies that enable users to navigate through their information in real time. Search optimized takes this organic process on the far side retrospective information access and navigation to prospective and proactive info delivery. Search optimized is prepared for application within the community as a result of its supported by 3 technologies that square measure currently sufficiently mature: Massive information assortment Powerful digital computer computers Search optimized algorithms. With the explosive growth of knowledge sources accessible on the globe Wide net, its become progressively necessary for users to utilize machine-driven tools in realize the required info resources, and to trace and analyze their usage patterns. These factors bring about to the requirement of making server facet and shopper side intelligent systems which will effectively mine for data. Net mining [6] may be generally outlined because the discovery and analysis of helpful info from the globe Wide net. This describes the automated search of knowledge resources accessible online, i.e. website mining, and also the discovery of user access patterns from net servers, i.e., net usage mining. Web Mining Web Mining is that the extraction of fascinating and doubtless helpful patterns and implicit info from artifacts or activity associated with the globe wide net. There square measure roughly 3 data discovery domains that pertain to net mining: website mining, net Structure Mining, and net Usage Mining. Extracting data from the document content is called the Website mining. Net document text mining, resource discovery supported ideas compartmentalization or agent primarily based technology might also fall during this class. Net structure mining is that the method of inferring data from the globe Wide net organization and links between references and referents within the net. Finally, net usage mining, additionally called diary mining, is that the method of extracting fascinating patterns in net access logs. Web Content Mining Web content mining [3] is associate automatic method that works on the keyword for extraction. Since the content of a text document presents no machine readable linguistics, some approaches have steered restructuring the document content in an exceedingly illustration that might be exploited by machines. Web Structure Mining World Wide net will reveal additional info than simply the knowledge contained in documents. As an example, links inform to a document indicate the recognition of the document, whereas links commencing of a document indicate the richness or maybe the range of topics coated within the document. This will be compared to list citations. Once a paper is cited usually, it got to be necessary. The Page Rank strategies profit of this info sent by the links to search out pertinent sites. Search optimized, the extraction of hidden prophetic info from giant databases, may be a powerful new technology with nice potential to assist corporations target the foremost necessary info in their information warehouses. Search optimized tools predict future trends and behaviors, permitting businesses to create proactive, knowledge-driven selections. The machine-driven, prospective analyses offered by Search optimized move on the analyses of past events provided by of call support systems. Search optimized tools will answer business queries that historically were too time intense to resolve. LIMITATION Duringdata retrieval, onewithall the most issues is to retrieve a collection of documents, that dont seem to be giventouser question. For instance, apple is often related to computers on the net. However, this sense of apple isnt listed in most all-purpose thesauri or dictionaries. IV. PURPOSE OF THE ANALYSIS Knowledge Management (KM) refers to a spread of practices utilized by organizations to spot, create, represent, and distribute data for utilize, awareness and learning across the organization. Data Management programsare aunit generally tied to structure objectives and area unit meant to guide to the action of specific outcomes liketo shareintelligence, improved performance, competitive advantage, or higher levels of innovation. Here we tend to area unit viewing developing an internet computer network data management system thats of importance to either a company or an academic institute. V. DESCREPTION OF DRAWBACK Top of Form After the arrival of laptop the knowledge are hugely out there and by creating use of such raw assortment data to create the data is that the method of Search optimized. Likewise in internet conjointly lots of internet Documents residein on-line.The internetisa repositoryof form of data like Technology, Science, History, Geography, Sports Politics et al. If anyone is aware ofa concern specific topic, then theyre exploitation program to look for his or her necessities and it provides full satisfaction for user after giving entire connected data concerning the subjects.

The Dangers of Carbon Dioxide Essay -- Environmental Gases Health Essa

The Dangers of Carbon Dioxide Thesis: As the environment encounters damage from increasing levels of carbon dioxide, actions on both governmental and individual levels need to be implemented in order to protect the welfare of future life. Introduction In an era of rising technology and increasing population, demands on the environment are continually being pushed to new levels. As a result, it becomes important for us to expand our knowledge about the environment and take appropriate actions to protect this element of most importance to human existence. One component of our environment experiencing some of the greatest abuse due to humans is the air. Air pollution has been on the rise ever since the beginning of industrialization. The climbing number of factories and use of cars worldwide are the major culprits of this environmental hazard. There are various gases released into the air that can be considered air pollutants, but one of the most prevalent and dangerous to the environment is carbon dioxide (CO2). Up to 95% of the CO2 produced is the result of natural processes (Burnett & Matthews Jr., 1998). The rest is a direct result of human activity, primarily through the burning of fossil fuels in the production of energy Potential Effects of High Atmospheric CO2 Levels The major effect most scientists fear as the result of increased levels of CO2 in our atmosphere is global warming. By blocking the heat reflected from the Earth's surface, greenhouse gases are able to warm the planet in a similar way to how glass warms up a greenhouse. Without this greenhouse effect, it is calculated our planet would be 35 degrees Celsius cooler worldwide, causing oceans to freeze and greatly altering life (Doyle, 1996). Accordi... ... Carbon Traced To Northern Lands (1995, September 23). Science News, 148 (13), p. 204. Novak, Mary H. (1998, July 24). Kyoto Treaty A Giant Leap into the Economic Abyss. Houston Business Journal, 29 (10), p. 27A. [Online]. Available: http://insite.palni.edu/WebZ/Authorize:sessionid=0. Rising Carbon Dioxide is Great For Plants. (1992, December). Consumer's Research Magazine, 75 (12), p. 25. [Online]. Available: http://insite.palni.edu/WebZ/Authorize:sessionid=0. Singer, Fred S (1996, November 25). Dirty Climate. National Review, 48 (22), pp. 62-64. [Online]. Available: http://insite.palni.edu/WebZ/Authorize:sessionid=0. Smog From the Middle Kingdom (1998, Summer). Earth Island Journal, 13 (3), p. 3. [Online]. Available: http://insite.palni.edu/WebZ/Authorize:sessionid=0. Soil Seen as Missing Sink (1996, September 21). Science News, 150 (12), p. 186.

The Benefits Of Gasification Technology Over Incineration Environmental Sciences Essay

Both gasification and incineration are capable of change overing hydrocarbon-based risky stuffs to simple, nonhazardous by-products ( Beginning: U.S. Department of Energy March 30, 2000 ) , but gasification can be seen to be more good for many grounds. The procedure as a whole uses less O than conventional incineration significance that fewer air emanations may be produced incorporating possible pollutants. It besides means less C dioxide is produced potentially intending less impact on planetary clime alteration from waste incineration. Any C dioxide produced during gasification is present at higher force per unit areas than in watercourses produced in conventional incineration, doing it easier to capture and take before release into the ambiance. ( Source NETL – National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy Website ) . Gasification is a procedure in which stuffs are exposed to some O, but non plenty to let burning to happen. The ensuing gas mixture of C monoxide, H and methane ( with smaller measures of C dioxide and N ) is called syngas and is itself a fuel. It has a calorific value so can be used as a fuel to bring forth electricity or steam or as a basic chemical feedstock in the petrochemical and refinement industries. The calorific value of the syngas will depend on the composing of the input waste waste to the gasifier. Harmonizing to research undertaken by Euromia for the Greater London Authority, syngas possibly used to bring forth energy more expeditiously than incineration utilizing gas engines or even fuel cells, whereas conventional incineration can merely bring forth energy less expeditiously via steam turbines ( Eunomia Research and Consulting 2008 ) . Gasification is besides shown to be more cost effectual than conventional incineration and potentially better at raising gross. The syngas can be converted into many valuable merchandises, runing from bring forthing energy in the signifier of electricity to harvest home of chemicals such as sulfur. ( U.S. Department of Energy. March 2000 ) . Hydrogen can besides be harvested and used in other applications. Hence the syngas is used for many applications whereas the treated gas from conventional incinerators goes straight back out into the environment. Besides, the energy produced may be eligible for more Reclamations Obligations Certificates ( ROC ‘s ) than conventional incineration therefore once more increasing the possible income. ( Source – Ilex Energy Consulting. September 2005 ) . Another benefit of syngas production is that concluding emanations of pollutants such as Sulphur Oxides and Nitrogen Oxides, and other particulates are greatly reduced as compared to conve ntional incineration systems. Due to the high sum of O used in the conventional incineration procedure any sulfur or nitorogen compunds in the waste are converted to Sulphur Oxides and Nitrogen Oxides which so have to be treated seperately. In contrast in the low O environment of gasification these are non so readily formed and where they are the modern gasification systems are designed to retrieve 95-99 % of them and in the instance of sulfur this forms a high-putiry sulfur by-porduct. ( Source U.S. Department of Energy. March 2000 ) Another benefit of gasification is the existent works itself. They are modular and hence made up of little units which can be added to or taken away from. This proves an advantage as waste watercourses can change for illustration, if there is a alteration in policy and recycling additions. Therefore they are more flexible and can run at a smaller graduated table so conventional incinerators. They are besides non so reliant on a big provender of waste merchandises to go on working like the conventional incinerators. They are besides faster to construct than conventional incinerators and hence are faster to utilize. Hence, in drumhead, gasification is more cost effectual, cleaner and more efficient than conventional incineration and more utile in that it produces many byproducts that can be used in down watercourse production.The factors impacting the pick of bag filters or ESP in waste incinerators.There are many factors act uponing the pick of bag filters or electrostatic precipitators in incinerators. Below are six of these factors. Factor one: The type of waste being incinerated Different provender stocks for the incinerator will bring forth different air watercourses and dust or ash merchandises. This is of import as for illustration the combustibleness of some all right stuffs produced regulations out the usage of electrostatic precipitators. Bag filters are really efficient at roll uping all right particulates but non so good at big particulates. ( Source I Fanthom, C. Cottingham ) Most common ESP filtration is best used for gaining control of light atmospheric dust. Unless a ego cleaning electrostatic precipitator is used, beginning gaining control or direct ducting from a heavy dust bring forthing incineration will rapidly make full up the aggregation plates. Heavy dust aggregation requires storage for a big volume of dust. The surface country of bag filters is much greater than surface country of electrostatic aggregation home bases and work better for dust gaining control of heavy dust bring forthing incineration than ESP would. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dustcollectorexperts.com/electrostatic/ ) If the dust is hygroscopic ( i.e. a stuff which attracts wet from the ambiance. If non protected from contact with the ambiance ( by being stored under vacuity or under a dry gas ) some hygroscopic stuffs will finally pull so much H2O that they will organize solutions ) and these can blind bag filters doing them ineffective. Factor two: Features of the airstream The features of the airstream can hold important impacts on the aggregator system. For illustration cotton cloth bag filters can non be used where air temperatures exceed 82 grades centigrade. Besides condensation of steam or H2O vapors can blind bags doing them uneffective. Assorted chemicals created in the airstream can respond with the H2O in the airstream and signifier caustic liquids such as sulfuric acid which can eat any metal in the bag i.e. if it is rearward jet bag filter with a metal coop. ESP ‘s can defy caustic stuff doing aggregation possible. The individual most of import factor act uponing the Elecrostatic precipitator is the electric resistance of the gas being caught. Fabric filters take dust from a gas watercourse by go throughing gas through a cloth and go forthing dust on the surface of the cloth. It is hence non sensitive to dust electric resistance. A fabric filter can work on emanation degrees of 10-20 mg/NM3 whereas an ESP needs to be sized to suit demands. Factor three – Cost With most designs of ESP ‘s they have to close the line down in order to keep them which incurs a cost. With most bag filters they can be changed online, non incurring a cost of closing down. The power ingestion utilizing a bag filter is higher than utilizing an ESP, evidently incurring more costs for more power. Bag filters need to be changed more often than an Electrostatic Precipitator. Typically bags need altering every 4 old ages. An ESP needs a full service every 20-30 old ages. The ESP ‘s are more expensive to put in than the bag filters Dust tonss may be needed to be reduced before the Electrostatic Precipitation procedure ( precleaner may be needed ) hence adding to the cost. Factor Five – Conformity with Environmental ordinances and jurisprudence. In 1990 the Environmental protection Act ( EPA ) introduced Integrated Pollution Control ( IPC ) necessitating higher control of emanations in most industries. More late the waste Incineration Directive was introduced and has imposed important alterations on any procedure combustion waste stuffs. For illustration the entire emanation value for Cd is 0.05 mg/Nm3. ( Source – The Waste Incineration Directive 2000 ) . Hence the type of intervention demands to be chosen in order to fulfill these ordinances. It will besides depend how near the waste incinerator is to edifices and the type of edifice i.e. is it near a residential country. Hence more ordinances need to be considered sing public wellness. Factor Six- Space How much infinite is at that place for the installings. ESP ‘s are larger than bag filters and therefore take up more infinite.Methods for cut downing heavy metals in landfill leachate.There are assorted methods for cut downing heavy metals in landfill leachate -biological, biodegredation utilizing anaerobiotic and aerophilic procedures and chemical and physical methods. Plants can be used to handle leachate utilizing at that place natural up return procedures. One such intervention that has been investigated is utilizing vertiver grass ( N. Roongtanakiat, T.Nirunrach, S.Chanyotha, D. Hengchaovanich. 168-175. 2003 ) . The vertiver grass took up more heavy metals as the strength of the leachate increased and the heavy metals were equally distributed in the shoot and the root. The consequences of the field test at the landfill site besides indicated that vertiver could be used in rehabilitating landfills and nearby countries. The vertiver workss were shown to decease after 80-85 yearss if 100 % leachate was used so they could non e straight used on immature landfills, but could be used on immature landfills if limited leachate were used. The shoot of the works should be harvested sporadically in order to take the heavy metals from the contaminated dirt and to excite new growing for more consumption. Artificial wetlands utilizing aquatic plants can be used as they grow in anerobic environments and can digest heavy metal concentrations. ( Source M. Pawlouskia, L. Pawlouskia, page 205 ) In one survey they were combined with combined with aerophilic interventions have besides been studied as a remotion method for heavy metals in leachate. The survey was undertaken at Alback landfill site in Sweden In 2003. ( Source – Persson, K. M. , Van Praahg, M and Olsberg.G, E. ( 2007 ) Their leachate intervention system consists foremost of an aeration measure, followed by several wetlands with different deepnesss and flora, intermediate commixture and aeration in a ditch, and eventually deposit in a pool. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn, nickel, lead and Cr were studied. Lead and Cr could non be detected at all in the leachate after it had been through the intervention system. The entire rates of decrease in the whole wetland system for Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations were on mean â€⠀œ 83 % 74 % and 68 % severally. Nickel passed unchanged through the wetlands. The lone job with this intervention is that the remotion rates of the heavy metals is limited due to some metals looking as composites which are difficult to entree and take in this system. The phytoremediation of leachate is cost effectual and in many instances native workss can be used. ( Source A Chehregan, B Malayen 1560 – 8530,2007 ) Aerobic intervention of the leachate has been shown to be another effectual method that can be used. An illustration of this is an probe whereby leachate is recirculated through the waste mass and air is injected into the waste mass. It was found that the remotion efficiency for Magnesium, Iron, Lead and Zinc was 93 % , 90 % , 43 % and 76 % severally. ( Source – M.Sartaj, M. Ahmardifar, A.Karmi Jastini 107-116 2010 ) Bacterial systems are besides used. Bacterial floc on the on the leachate surviving in an aerated system with O degrees maintained above 5mg/l. The heavy metals are taken in by the bacteriums and incorporated into their cell biomass. ( Source – Arden Quarry Landfill Website ) Chemical intervention is besides used – Three armored combat vehicles are used in which pH is adjusted, metal precipate atoms coagulate and are flocculated and foods are added to promote microbic growing The usage of ferric and ferrous oxides as coagulates separate and clot the heavy metals leting remotion. The usage of oxidizers such as H peroxide or K permanganate react with the heavy metals and pull them out of the leachate leting remotion. Simple pH accommodation of the leachate causes the heavy metals to precipitate from the leachate and therefore be removed. ( Source – United States Environmental Protection Agency 1995 ) Other methods include revolving biological contractors, drip filters, aerated lagunas, up flow anaerobic sludge cover reactors, surface assimilation, deposit, floatation, rearward osmosis and air denudation.Techniques for the separation of plastic types originating from municipal wastesThe recycling of plastics is a major option to landfill and incineration. For the mechanical or chemical recycling methods used some signifier of segregation demands to be undertaken foremost. Plastics come in 7 major signifiers each separaletly classified by their rosin indentification codification by the Society of Plastics industry in 1968. The codification is shown on each fictile merchandise by a trigon of trailing pointers environing a figure for illustration: Pet Polyethylene phenolphthalein – Fizzy drink bottles and oven-ready repast trays. ( Source www.wasteonline.org ) The first and most basic, but of import, point of separation can is done by the consumer of the plastics either as a homeowner utilizing a recycling system designed y the local council or as a company segretagating the waste for recycling. They use the codifications on the plastics. These are so taken away, reduced in size and farther segregated by a assortment of techniques. Fictile separation techniques are based on the differences in the physical belongingss or surface features of the plastic. Manual separation of plastics is still used chiefly for big points on a conveyer. This is non a peculiarly specific technique as operator mistake can happen often ( Source R. Pascoe pp 7 2000. ) Manual screening on the footing of coloring material is besides used. Density separation is a common method for the separation of plastics. All the different types of plastics have different densenesss. Separations are by and large of the sink/float types utilizing an aqueous medium of known denseness. By careful alteration of medium denseness utilizing salt solutions or all right atom suspensions it is possible to divide plastics provided they have a sensible denseness difference ( & A ; gt ; 100 kg m-3 ) ( Source – R. Pascoe, pp15 200 ) Another method utilizing denseness is the usage of gravitative centrifuges. These work utilizing the atoms of the plastics. These are fed in to a seperation liquid. Those atoms with a denseness lower than the liquid float and are removed m=by paddles. Atoms that are denser than the liquid sink and are removde from the underside. Hign separation efficiency can be hard due to the hydrophobic nature of plastics which can intend air bubbles attah to the surface doing the plastics to drift. Plastic segregation by de nseness can be accelarated by centrifugtion ( Source – J. Aguado. Pp 23.1999 ) Besides utilizing a liquid medium, differences in solubility have been investigated for the separation of plastics. A combination of dissolvers and dissolution/precipitation stairss allows the different types of plastics to be isolated. ( Source – J. Aguado. Pp 25.1999 ) A vry new separation technique has been investigated for assorted plastics using selective wetting features. The surface of specific plastics can be selectively changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic by utilizing a wetting agent. Then, when little air bubbles are introduced into a separation cell, they adhere to the surface of the hydrophobic plastics and drift them to the H2O surface.. Plastics with the same denseness can be separated by this procedure. The fictile centrifuge can be used for many intents: for dividing plastics from mixtures, riddance of foreign affair such as paper, fibres, aluminum foil, Cu wire french friess, sand, and glass from plastics ; elucidation of waste H2O incorporating all right rosin pulverization ; etc. ( Source K.Saitoh, I. Naguna, S.Izuni. 1976 ) One of the most common methods of fictile segregation is the usage of Near Infrared ( NIR ) Spectroscopy. The reflected radiation from the energy givwn to the plastic is measured in a infrared sensor and the ensuing spectrum is assigend to a specific polymer by comparasion with a spectra library. Different polymers can so be readily identified. It has a really speedy response clip and hence is really efficient. Contaiminations from the waste watercourse such as labels do non adversley impact this type of separation. Another separation technique utilizing visible radiation is the usage of optical maser spectral analysis. The optical maser penetrates the surface and steps emission spetra of the plastics. Different plastics step otherwise on the graduated table. Polarised visible radiation is besides used and this checks the differences of crystallinity. This method chiefly applies to the segregation of Polyvinyl Chloride ( PVC ) from Polyethylene terephthalate ( PET ) bottles. UV visib le radiation is besides used. his is used to divide polymers that exhibit different UV induced fluorescence. To human eyes, PET will remain clear while PVC turns black therefore this is a really common manner to manually screen bottles. X-ray techonology can be used on both automated and manual lines and is used to segregate plastics by coloring material and rosin. Many other methods exist for the segregation of plastics including dry methods such as air classifiers, electrostatic separation, and chemical speparation.

David Abram Ecology of Magic

Humans are born from and return to earth at death; human beings and nature are bound up each other. Yet, the technological modern world has shaped humans to be oblivious of nature and the ethnocentrism has positioned human beings above all other things. Nature has become resources for people and nothing more than that. David Abram, the author of the Ecology of magic, travels into the wild, traditional land in search of the relation between magic and nature; the meaning nature holds in the traditional cultures. Abram intends to communicate his realization of the magical awareness of the countless nonhuman entities and the necessity of the balance between the human communities and the nature to the readers, hoping the Western technologized people to regard nature with respect and wonder. The perceptional differences Westerners and the traditional people hold in regard of nature should be transcended to achieve equilibrium and consequently bring about a healthier society. What is it that Abram experiences in the traditional land of Indonesia? Abram is also one of the Westerners who lived all his life in the modern technological world; he once was a person who did not know the true value of nature. However, in the traditional, oral land, the author succeeds in overcoming the perceptional differences and realizes the importance nature holds in his life. During the travel, Abram purposefully encounters and befriends the traditional magicians or sorcerers with his sleight of hand magic that buys interest from them. As the author states, â€Å"For magicians – whether modern entertainers or indigenous tribal sorcerers – have in common the fact that they work with the malleable texture of perception† (Abram, 3), the common ground of ‘working with the malleable texture of perception’ has let Abram to look more closely into the activities the magicians perform in the traditional oral land. As Abram works his hands to trick the audience, thereby working with the perceptions of the audiences, the magicians engage in shedding the accepted perceptual logic to enter into relation with other entities. The primary objective of the magicians, at first, seems to be healers as they participate in treating the sicknesses; however, Abram learns that the magicians hold a more important role in the human communities. They act as the intermediaries between the human world and the nature. The diseases that circulate the village originate from the imbalance between the nature and the human world and the magicians work with the primary cause of the sicknesses. The basic concept of treating the illnesses differs from the Western doctors who perform surgeries as the magicians, living at the periphery of the human communities, sought to communicate with the nature, consequently striving to achieve equilibrium. The prayers, praises and the propitiations given to the nature in return for the nourishment and sustenance it provides to human communities do not seem forthright at first, even to Abram; the magician’s primary role only seems as formal traditions that hold no meaning for the villagers who only yearn for visual and direct treatment of the diseases. Yet, as Abram suggests, â€Å"†¦and it was only gradually that I became aware of this more subtle dimension of the native magician’s craft† (8), while living in the remote traditional land and experiencing the diverse, rather different performances, the author was able to notice and learn seeing and hearing things in different manners. ‘To see and hear in a manner I never had before’ (15) was not something that Abram learnt with his head, but rather a feeling obtained with his skin. By shifting out human’s awareness to other various nonhuman beings and thinking in the perspective of those intelligences’ (7), Abram was able to hold respect and awe for nature and realize the importance of the balance. Just by staring into the spiders, the birds, the river and the wind, Abram was able to communicate with these nonhuman entities and see the importance these beings hold in human beings’ daily lives. The basis of the perceptional difference lies in the mere difference in how the traditional and the Westerners regard the relation between magic and nature. In the Western world, magic is defined as the ability to alter one’s consciousness at will. The magicians perform hand tricks to startle the senses and free the audience from the outdated and restricted thoughts by inspiring awe and surprises within the individuals. This is the common image that we bring up when thinking of the word magic and magician. Westerners find no relation between magic and nature as the two are thought as two distinct concepts. However, people of the oral, traditional land conjure up different idea in regard of magic and nature. The two are correlated concepts as magic can be defined as â€Å"humans experience their own consciousness as simply one form of awareness among many others† (7). Magic is shifting out one’s consciousness to put it in others shoes. The others indicate the many beings regarded to have intelligence, the components of nature. By thinking in the perspective of other nonhuman entities, as Abram succeeded in doing in the traditional land, the magicians communicate with the nature. As the author mentions, â€Å"Countless anthropologists have managed to overlook the ecological dimension of the shaman’s craft, while writing at great length of the shaman’s rapport with supernatural entities† (6), the Western people simply fail to recognize the relationship between nature and magic because they have been raised to think of what is beyond human’s will as the â€Å"supernatural† rather than in the dimensions of nature. Human beings, in the technological, modern world, stands above all other things as the ethnocentrism has shaped people to think in human-based terms; the surrounding environment, including the rocks, mountains, and the animals, have been placed there for human use and nothing more than that. They are entities with no senses, no thoughts, and no feelings. Humans are the only beings with intelligence. The busy daily lives formed due to the advanced technology have shaped people to simply deny the existence of other entities and perceive things other than humans as non-meaningful. Abram, too, adjusts to the modern world and returns to his original life as a Westerner who fails to regard nature with respect when he goes back to his homeland from Indonesia. Despite all the feelings and knowledge gained in the traditional land, because of the technology and the ethnocentrism Abram fails to continue his communication with the nature. Yet, the importance of respect for nature and the balance between nature and human beings should be comprehended by the modern society people. As the author has witnessed, â€Å"The sad results of our interactions with the rest of nature were being reported in every newspaper – from the depletion of topsoil due to industrial farming techniques to the fouling of groundwater by industrial wastes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (20), the damages spurred on the nature due to human’s endless desires result in dire situations of extinction of animals and the rapid destruction of the tropical forests. The broken equilibrium causes diseases to circulate the society. Constant advancements in technology do not work out to correct the damages done to human beings and the nature. What should be taken for human use should be compensated for to the nature; balance is the most fundamental way to end the vicious cycle that constantly damages both human beings and the nature. Modern people should not disregard the relation between magic and nature. Understanding the importance nature holds for human beings would arouse the magical forces of the equilibrium.