Literacy Is A Common Problem Around The World Essay

The average college student is expected to read pages and pages of material from various textbooks in order to gain new knowledge about their selected major. Many adults and children around the world cannot read one sentence, much less pages and pages of comprehensive subject matter. The inability to read and write, known as illiteracy, is a common problem around the world, especially in developing countries, and has many unfortunate consequences. Literacy plays a major role in the world, impacting various aspects of society, politics, and the world economy, not to mention individual lives. Literacy provides personal security by giving an individual the means to educate themselves. When a person learns how to read, they gain access to the world’s knowledge. Literacy provides financial security, because someone who can read and write is more likely to get a higher-paying job, and more likely to get a job at all. The ability to read and write leads to a higher ability of thinking critically and forming opinions, allowing someone to better participate in politics. Illiteracy has been linked to crime, most likely because illiterate people live in poverty and must turn to a life of crime in order to survive. Literacy has a positive impact on the world economy. When people are educated, they can find better jobs in wealthier industries. Education leads to more knowledge of advanced technology, so countries with higher literacy rates are able to produce more advancedShow MoreRelatedLiteracy As A 21st Century Educator1604 Words   |  7 Pagesone hears the term literacy, the first thought that comes to mind is reading. However, literacy is so much more. It is in everything we do, from reading a book to getting from one location to another. We often do not realize how much literacy is in every aspect of our daily lives. As a math teacher, I chose to explore this concept as it relates to mathematics. 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Rudolph Fisher And Marita Bonner - 861 Words

Rudolph Fisher and Marita Bonner are African American writers whose contribution to literary writings is highly regarded, having enhanced the themes of life for the African-Americans. A study into their lives, styles, works, and contributions to African-American literature helps in revealing the dynamisms in which the general world of literary writings are understood and applied. Reading through the materials both authors have written enables one to assess the similarities and contrasts in their personal and professional lives. Both Rudolph Fisher and Marita Bonner are well-educated and multitalented writers in the Harlem society. They attended prestigious schools from their childhood and advanced in their studies to become influential in the field of African-American literature. Bonner is among the most renowned writers and artists of the Harlem Renaissance: her career is â€Å"as fixed and calmly brilliant as the North star† (Bonner 1244). She is also recognized for having won various prizes in essay fields. Similarly, Fisher is a brilliant writer, talented musical arranger, as well as witty and informed conversationalist. He is regarded as â€Å"a negro Harlem† for being the most intellectually gifted member of the Harlem Renaissance (Fisher 1238). In addition, both Fisher and Bonner made significant theatrical contributions to the African-American literature by their key publications that addressed various themes touching on the people’s lives directly. Bonner had a keen awareness

New Marketing Strategy

Questions: Scenario or vocational context Marketing is the link between the organization and its customers. Responsibility for ensuring the establishment and maintenance of a successful interlinking of organization and customers and gain a competitive advantage over major competitors in the market industry lies with strategic marketing management. Marketing Managers are involved with planning; organizing; and strategic control of marketing activity. Marketing Managers must have the skills in choosing a combination of target markets and developing a marketing mix to meet the requirements of those targets in the long term to help sustain the profitability and growth level of the organization. A marketing manager must have strategy in place which is designed to meet the companys marketing objectives. You have just been appointed to a reputable company as a Marketing Manager, during the first meeting with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), he explained to you that the structures of the company are very strong, with the exception of the marketing department which needs more innovative strategies to make it more proactive and sustainable because the revenue of the company is dwindling in spite of their huge investment in new technology and a vibrant workforce. The quality of the companys products and services has being rated very high by industry analysts. The CEO of the company has mandated you to provide effective and proactive solutions to the following tasks which he thinks will be the blueprint for a launch of a new marketing strategy for the company. Task 1 1.1. Explore alternative organisational design that companies use to manage their complex and far-flung operations effectively1.2. Analyse the criteria for choosing an appropriate organisation structure1.3. Critically discuss different ways of controlling foreign operations profitability measurement1.4. Examine the strategic alternatives for achieving organisational goals1.5. Discuss how to identify an appropriate organisational structures to support globalisation1.6. Assess the importance of developing and maintain effective relationship within an organisation.Task 2 2.1. Critically analyse a framework for international pricing process.2.2. Examine the elements involved in price quotation and consideration of alternative methods of payment.2.3. Analyse major elements of managing a customer orientation2.4. Identify product-related issues and suggest conceptual business approaches for handling them.2.5. Examine the development of advertising programmes for foreign market.Task 33.1. Ev aluate the suitability of international marketing strategies, including standardisation, the market entry options and product policy.3.2. Compare and contrast strategies for export in international market.3.3. Critically evaluate the economic, political, demand related, cultural and risk related issues facing by the organisations entering to international markets and assess their implications for marketing strategies.3.4. Analyse Porters five forces model of industry competitionTask 44.1. Critically evaluate the importance of market segmentation for product positioning4.2. Identify the techniques and criteria for market segmentation4.3. Evaluate marketing strategies towards market segmentation4.4. Identify the value of target market identification and apply segmentation process to position the product of the organisation. Answers: Introduction: As a marketing manager I am asked by the Chief Executive Officer to provide effective and proactive solutions to the various tasks discussed below that will act as a blueprint for the launch of the new marketing strategy. This way effort has been made to prepare an effective and efficient marketing innovative ideas and strategies to give equitable output to the huge investment made in new technology and vibrant workforce. Solutions for new preparing new marketing strategies: Task 1 1.1. The alternative organizational design that companies use to manage their complex and far flung business operations effectively includes the grouping of the people in two forms. The first most commonly used form is functional structuring of the organization process wherein the people are grouped together as per their common function and capabilities. For instance the grouping of accountants, engineers etc in different departments. The second most popular form is divisional form when the people in organization are grouped on the basis of organization outputs. Different divisions are made in different countries so that the employees with different calibers can come together to meet the customer product related demands and expectations. For instance OTIS, the leading elevator and Escalators Company has its divisions in almost every developed country so as that its employees could work according to the demands of the customers. However the use of Matrix structure which is actually a combination of functional and divisional structure is followed so that the organization can take the benefit of the both the methods of organization structure. Efforts are also made to achieve specialization in business through vertical or horizontal integration. Coordination in the business operations is also achieved through bringing unity of command and deciding on span of control(Jayachandran, 2004).1.2. The most appropriate organization structure is one that best balances the needs of the different projects along with the needs of the business operations. The criterion that is followed for choosing an appropriate organization structure includes the followings.a. Clarifying the business ownership.b. Understanding the needs of the business system.c. Considering the kind of business operation followed.d. Decentralization or centralization requirements of the business.e. Adaptability of the business.f. Achieving sustenance for the business.(Kotler Gary, 2006)Furthermore the report ing system in these divisions is kept in both horizontal and vertical manner so that the high level coordination is achieved in the organization activities.1.3. The different ways of profitability measurement includes calculation of the followings.a. Gross profit margins.b. Operating and net profit margins.c. Returns on Assets.d. Returns on Equity.Different methods are also used for controlling the foreign operations profitability measurement which includes the followings.a. Analyzing the issues.b. Designing the framework.c. Developing framework as per requirements.d. Implementing the solution. However, critics are of the view that the controlling of the foreign operations profitability measurement will not help achieves the required goal. Instead of controlling the following of the best suitable techniques for foreign operation profitability measurement which considers all aspects is required to eb done which could help in evaluation process(Malhotra, 2002).1.4. The strategic alter natives for achieving organization goals include the followings.a. Product differentiation:Product differentiation is method through which the company adds an extra benefit or feature in the homogenous product so that the customer can identify its value. This way product differentiation can help the company in getting the cutting edge advantage in the market.b. Diversification of business process:Diversification of the business process through forward or backward integration can help in achieving economies of scale through which the profit margins can be improved. Furthermore the diversification can also be done by starting a whole new business operation completely different from the earlier with a view that the company could survive the down trend in one business operation through the boom in other business operation(Pegg et al., 2014).c. Price focus:In a competitive market where the products are homogenous price becomes the most tempting factor for purchase by the customer. Theref ore the pricing should be done such that the product could easily compete with the other homogenous products of the company(Rao Klein, 2004).1.5. To identify an appropriate organizational structure to support globalization will include the following of the below stated steps.1. Determining the kind of ownership that exists in the organization.2. Recognizing the liability issues.3. Distributing the business operation in different segments.4. Identifying the best method of management style that could help in integration of the whole business process.5. Efforts made to achieve coordination in the business operations.6. Defining the common purpose of the business.7. Recognizing the grouping requirements of the organization.8. Development of the successful organization structure that best suits the requirements.(Samli, 1995)1.6. The importance of developing and maintaining effective relationship within an organization includes the followings.a. Achieving strong teamwork:Effective relati onship brings in teamwork, where every employee work together and back each other to achieve the organization goal and objectives. This way trust prevails in the organization and everyone works for the development and progress of the team to achieve mutual goals than individual or personal goals.b. Synergy effect in application:Synergy effect in application is achieved through the effective relationship within an organization. That is the employees from different background work together with mutual understanding. This effective relationship help develop new ideas and innovations that benefits the organization(Guang Trotter, 2012).c. Effective communication develops within an organization.Effective relationship develops effective communication within an organization. This way the issues and problems are addressed and conveyed well in advance than it becomes a huge problem. Also the employees communicate with the proactive actions and ideas that could help avoid any issue that may r ise in future(Boswell Olson-Buchanan, 2007). Task 2: 2.1. The international pricing process follows the following framework.Step 1: The first step is analyzing and evaluating the Pricing Basics through the Costs, Experience curve, Competition, Demand etc.Step 2: Deciding on the Export Pricing through use of various concepts such as currency risk or credit Risk.Tariffs, price Escalation, dumping, skimming or penetration pricing etc.Step 3: Deciding on the Multinational pricing using concepts like Exchange rates hedging, Transfer price. Counter trade systems pricing. Price Coordinates pricing against gray market and Polycentric pricing.Step 4: Finalizing price.This framework for international pricing can also be displayed as below.(Corta, 1993)2.2. The elements involved in price quotations and consideration of alternative methods of payments includes the followings.a. Price Quotation:1. Name and address of the Seller.2. Reference number of the buyer for inquiry and order placement.3. Product description.4. Pricing of each product in a se parate price catalogue.5. Net shipping weight of the product consigned.6. Requested place of delivery.7. Terms and conditions.8. Validity period for the quotation.9. Net amount due to be paid by the buyer.10. Currency preferred.b. Alternatives of payment available:1. Transfer in bank account of the company.2. Pay pal transfers.3. Credit card payments.2.3. The major elements of managing a customer orientation include the followings.a. Developing products as per customer expectations:The customer orientation can be achieved up to maximum levels by developing the products as per the customer expectations. That is the product consists of the qualities and benefits that a customer expects from a particular product under a good brand.b. Responding swiftly to customer complaints:Responding to the customer complaints in a swift manner and realizing customer suggestions can help in achieving good customer orientation. This way the customers will feel heard and their issues will be addressed properly and on time which will bring loyalty towards the particular product or service of the company.c. Fair pricing policy:The fair pricing policy includes pricing the company products and service in such a way that it brings value for money. This way the fair pricing policy as helps in customer orientation in a better way(Goldstein, 2007).2.4. Various products related issues and related conceptual business approach for handling them include the followings.1. Product labeling and packing:The issue of product labeling and packing in a deceiving or incorrect manner is actually a production error. This issue can be handled by taking care of the functional strategies that will help in reviewing of the production system process so that the same error does not repeat.2. Product handling:The issue of product handling results in destruction of the whole product or its benefits due to mishandling procedures followed during transit. The issue related product handling can be taken care by t aking care of the logistics support that has been followed for the product transit to the market. Therefore the logistics can be directed to take full care of the product quality and packing during transit to avoid any breakage and loss during transit. A corporate strategy that integrates and controls the logistics can be advised to achieve the expected outcome from the business operation(Kotler Gary, 2006).3. Product ingredient related information:The product ingredient related information is required to be stated on the packing of every product as per international laws. The issues related to the product display of ingredients can be incorrect display, or non-display. This issue can be dealt by directing the packaging department to take care of the packing and review the process at regular intervals. Thus a business strategy that could take care of the output will be framed out to get the desired returns.2.5. The development of advertising programmes for the foreign market will i nclude taking following steps.1. Identifying the advertising objectives.2. Recognizing the present position of the company brand in the market.3. Review the customer feedback and response from the advertising campaign.4. Understanding the customer attitude and thoughts towards the product.5. Reviewing the effectiveness of the advertisement campaign through change in sales figures after the initiation of advertisements.6. Recognizing the gaps that requires to be filled in the marketing. Task 3: 3.1. The suitability of the international marketing strategies is actually a method of achieving the best and most appropriate outcome through the marketing methods such as advertisement and promotions. It includes the following features.1. Standardization:Achieving a definite standardized level in the product formation can help in fulfilling all the statutory requirements of the business in the legal and social environment. This way international marketing requires the pre-requisite for the product to follow minimal requirements so that it meets the safety and expected requirements of the customer(Wedel Kamakura, 1998).2. Market entry options:The market entry options for a new company can be placing products and services after the recognition of the customer desires and expectations. This way the customer orientation can help in bringing out the most useful and value for money carrying products and services that could help in achieving the desired sales.3. Product policy;Product po licy consists of strategic rules that could help in the promotion of the products and services to the customer. In the international marketing strategy application the product policy can help in recognizing the potential customers so that their demand and expectations can be met and the desired sale of the product and service can be achieved.3.2. The various strategies for export in international market include the followings.1. Executing a marketing action plan:A marketing action plan consists of defining the goal and objectives of the business so that the appropriate strategies can be developed and executed to achieve a definite level of outcome in the form sales growth and increased profits for the company. The marketing action plan therefore consists of planning for strategies according to the business environment. This way the change business environment in the international markets can be dealt as per the marketing action plan. This strategies for export in international marke t has proven beneficial than any other strategy.2. Developing pricing strategies:Pricing strategies helps in the international business to place products and service as per the expectation and budgetary constraints of the people. This way efforts are made to achieve value for money so that the customer feel satisfied with the product quality and output in comparison to its pricing. Pricing strategy helps in giving more effective outcome than marketing action plan as it brings the products and services under financial budget of the customers.3. Online marketing:Online marketing is the latest strategy for export in international market in which products are advertised and advised for sales through online mediums such as emails, online ads etc.. This method helps the customers to stay at their comfortable place and decide on their purchase of product and service through online modes. This strategy is more beneficial than the pricing strategy and marketing plan as it facilitates the cus tomer to select the required product and service just on a click. It also helps the customer to compare the pricing and quality through online comparisons(Aseisdefimedia, 2011).3.3. The various issues faced by the organizations entering into international markets includes the followings.a. Economic:The economic condition of the country includes the Gross Domestic Product of GDP along with growth rate. These conditions directly affect the customer buying trend which is observed through the availability of the disposable income with the people. The marketing strategy can be to place the cost effective and high output products that could help in achieving sales growth for the company products.b. Political:The good political conditions include the political stability in a country that offers due climate for the organizations to grow and prosper. The political conditions which confirm peace in the society with no warfare and aggressive activities support the growth and prosperity of the business. The marketing strategy would be therefore to initiate operation in the country which has record of years of political stability.c. Demand related:The demand of already established brands brings out great competition to the new company in the international market. Therefore the marketing strategy should to promote the products and services of the company through various promotional activities so that the demand for the company goods can be increased.d. Cultural:The cultural activities of the country can support the business of the international firm by placing goods and services that are useful and easily acceptable. Therefore the marketing strategy would be to place goods and service as per the customer expectations and requirements(Butkeviciene et al., 2008).e. Risks:The different risks to the international business include competitor rivalry and substitutes that could add to the problems of the company. Therefore the marketing strategy should be aggressive enough to tack le with the problem of competition and the goods should prove much worth than other competitive products so that the customer prefers the company products.Critics are of the view that the marketing strategies require the right selection and application so that the desired outcome is achieved.3.4. Porters five force model of industry competition includes identification of various factors that affect the business. These includes the followings.1. Competitors rivalry within industry.The competitors rivalry within industry includes the pricing policy, marketing strategies and various associated business transactions that affect the organization business directly or indirectly. The competitors rivalry therefore affects the profitability and sustenance of the business. The company therefore requires to take into consideration all the competitors before entering international market.2. Threat of substitute.The threat of substitute includes the availability of homogenous products in the mar ket. This way the presence of homogenous product with similar features available at competitive prices affects the sale of the companys product and services. Therefore the company needs to identify the possible substitutes available in the market for planning a productive and useful pricing policy.3. Threat of new entrants.The threat of new entrants who offers similar products at low prices either by compromising quality or any other factor. This way the new entrants can effect the sale of goods and services by offering cutting edge competition to the business. This way the company needs to work hard to achieve economies of scale so that the new entrants cannot prove threat to the company business(Kotler Gary, 2006).4. Bargaining power of Buyer.The bargaining power of the buyer increases if the number of companies in the market selling homogenous products is higher. Therefore the company entering international market requires to identify the number of other businesses selling simil ar products and services so that the pricing policy and product differentiation can help in achieving better sales for the business.5. Bargaining power of supplier.The bargaining power of the supplier increases when the number of suppliers of raw material are less in number. Therefore the company entering international business should make agreements and deals with the suppliers so the consistent supply of raw material is achieved and local suppliers cannot affect the business output and gains. Task 4: 4.1. The importance of market segmentation for product positioning includes the followings.1. Identification of the potential customers.2. Grouping different set of customers on different basis or segments.3. Positioning various products and services of the company as per the customer expectations of different segments.4. Different products are placed for the different market segment.5. Achieving the customer satisfaction of different segments.(Snower, 1996)The critics are of the view that the basis of market segmentation does not help in identifying the potential customers. Also the grouping requires proper analysis of each and every customer so its rather a time consuming job. Finally the product positioning requires to be made with the promotional activities to achieve success in the market which helps in organization goals and objectives. This success may not achieved by the marketing segmentation itself.4.2. The technique for market segmentation includes the followings.1. Psycho graphic segmentation:It includes segmentation on the basis of personality, lifestyle, attitude and class of the customers in a region.2. Geographical segmentation:It includes the segmentation on the basis of customer location, region etc.3. Behavioral segmentation:It includes the segmentation on the basis of rate of usage, benefits sought, loyalty status, ability to purchase etc.4. Demographic segmentation:It includes the segmentation on the basis of age, gender, occupation, socio-economic group etc.The criteria for market segmentation include the followings.1. The market segment should be large enough to be identified.2. It should be able enough to help the organization achieve organization objectives.3. It should have enough population that can make huge impact and difference to the business.4. It offers chance to reach out to the potential customers.5. It responses accordingly to the market positioning process that is followed later on.6. It helps in deciding policy for marketing mix.(Guang Trotter, 2012)4.3. There are actually two marketing strategies that are used towards market segmentation. The first is concentration strategy and multi-segment strategy. In concentration strategy the company makes efforts to affect one particular market segment. This way it helps in fostering the specific needs of a definite market segment. However in multi-segment strategy the company makes effort to affect two or more market segments. This strategy helps in meeting demands of customers of different market segments in the following ways.a. The customer loyalty with an already established brand creates issues for the new entrant company.b. The customer taste and preferences affects the sales of the product as purchase decision are based on the earlier experiences.c. Customers mostly rely on the quality output in the present day world. Therefore the company needs to develop its products as per their expectations.d. In the present slow economic conditions the customers pr efer to buy products at competitive price that brings value for money. This way the pricing policy of the company needs to be reviewed and tested before fixing price of any product so that its sales can be assured.(Malhotra, 2002)4.4. The value of target market identification helps in achieving following benefits.1. Concentrating on the needs of specific customers.2. Making products as per the needs of the definite set of segments.3. Achieving customer satisfaction.4. Promoting and placing products in the most desired way in specific market.5. Tempting the potential customers for making purchase of goods and services.The application of the segmentation process to position the product of the organization includes the followings.1. Identifying the target customers.2. Recognizing the specific needs of the target customers.3. Making products and services as per the customer demand.4. Meeting customer expectations.(Samli, 1995)Therefore the benefits that can be achieved include the follo wings.a. It helps in achieving customer service management through on time delivery of goods and services.b. It helps in meeting the demand of the customers through the application of the demand management process.c. It helps fulfills the performance related requirements through performance management process in action.d. It brings seamless and consistent flow in manufacturing through manufacturing flow management process.e. It help achieve customer satisfaction through the application Customer relationship management.f. It helps in on time receiving of goods through good supplier relations with application of the concept of supplier relation management:g. It help brings required product development:h. It assists in on time and accurate order fulfillment.(Jayachandran, 2004)4.5. The emerging issues in the international marketing include the followings.1. Economic slowdown:The Economic slowdown has resulted in declining the disposable income available with the customers. This has led to decline in sales as per the estimation which is affecting the profits and sustenance of the business in international markets.2. Government regulations:Government regulations differ in different countries. This has resulted in increasing paper work and regulatory requirements that has added to the issues and problems of the companies doing international business.3. Bureaucracy and red tapism:The bureaucracy and red tapism in the developing nations has added to the problems of international business. This has resulted in causing unnecessary delays in the project initiation and development for the business operation in these countries.4. Rising competition:The rising competition in the international markets with the coming up of new multinationals has resulted in affecting sales and profits of the company.(Caniels Gelderman, 2007) Conclusion: In the end the above discussed can become the blueprint for the development of the strategies and innovative ideas for the progress of the marketing efforts and investment made by the company. This way the marketing department will be able to achieve its estimated goals and objectives through the newly refined strategies. Bibliography Aseisdefimedia, 2011. "The difference between market intelligence, business intelligence and strategic intelligence". [Online] Available at: https://youtu.be/tvT1f6H7ADM [Accessed 12 October 2014].Boswell, W.R. Olson-Buchanan, J.B., 2007. "The Use of Communication Technologies After Hours: The Role of Work Attitudes and Work-Life Conflict". Journal of Management, 33(4), p.592.Butkeviciene, V.J., Stravinskiene Rutelione, A., 2008. Impact of consumer package communication on consumer decision making process. Incinerate Economical-Engineering Economics, 1, pp.57-65.Caniels, M. Gelderman, C., 2007. Power and interdependence in buyer supplier relationships: A purchasing portfolio approach. Industrial marketing management., 36(2), pp.219-29.Corta, J.W., 1993. TQM for sales and marketing management. McGraw-Hill.Goldstein, D., 2007. What is Customer Segmentation. [Online] Available at: mindofmarketing.net.Guang, T. Trotter, D., 2012. Key issues in cross-cultural business communication: A nthropological approaches to international business. African Journal of Business Management., 6(22), pp.6456-64.Jayachandran, S., 2004. Marketing Management. Excel Books India.Kotler, P. Gary, A., 2006. Principles of Marketing. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.Malhotra, N.K., 2002. Basic Marketing Research: A Decision-Making Approach. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.: Prentice Hall.Pegg, S., Patterson, I. Matsumoto, Y., 2014. Understanding the motivations of volunteers engaged in an alternative tourism experience in Northern Australia. Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management., 21(7), pp.800-20.Porter, M.E., 2008. The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy. Harvard business Review.Rao, P.M. Klein, J.A., 2004. Growing importance of marketing strategies for the software industry. Industrial marketing managment, 23(1), pp.29-37.Samli, C.A., 1995. International consumer behavior: its impact on marketing strategy development. Quorum Books.Sharma, N., 2013. Marketing Strategy o n Different Stages PLC and its Marketing Implications on FMCG Products. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services Management Research., 2(3), pp.121-36.Snower, D., 1996. Acquiring Skills: Market failures, their symptoms and policy responses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Wedel, M. Kamakura, W., 1998. Market Segmentation - Conceptual and Methodological Foundations. Boston: Academic Publishers.

Emotional Intelligence is an Ineffective Leadership Tool

Question: Discuss about theEmotional Intelligence is an Ineffective Leadership Tool. Answer: Introduction Leadership affects the life of every individual. It is not confined to a selected group of people. Emotional intelligence is an art of managing emotions (Stanfield, 2009). When the leader becomes emotional and start empathizing with the employees, they might start taking undue advantage of this empathy. When leader tries to position himself in the shoes of his employees, he takes decision based on emotions which affect the efficiency of the organization. Most of the greatest revolutions in the history were fueled emotionally, but emotions are only advantageous while delivering political speech. Emotional intelligence has a situational responsibility to practice leadership. Leaders need to practice reasoning based knowledge in practical life. Success is not possible when decisions are taken emotionally. A leader can only succeed if he follows evidence based model. The power to lead depends on the knowledge of the leader rather than his personal feelings. A new study has shown, that pe ople with good emotional intelligence excels in manipulating others. It is true, when one is good in controlling his own emotion he can disguise others true feelings. They try to misuse the emotions of their peers for their self gain. Emotionally intelligent people try to produce the information for their own benefit (Feyerherm, Rice, 2002). The professional relationship of leader and subordinate is hampered due to emotional bond that exist in between them. The leaders might not be able to correct the subordinate a few times because of the emotional connect. This will create a negative impact in the work performance of the team and will put down the efficiency of the organization. Managererial skills require better quality of work which can only be delivered if carried with a vision. Most of the managerial decisions are taken keeping aside the emotion. Renowned leaders have achieved their goals due to persistent hard work. Business decisions are based on individual intelligence rather than emotions (Mc Crimmon, 2009). Jobs which requires regular innovation depends on the skills of the leaders. A leader has to exhibit qualities which are necessary to drive the followers. Emotional intelligence equips the leader with good social skills. A leader tends to become more diplomatic in such scenarios. The emotional behavior might encourage biasness in the organization. This will lead to an unhealthy work environment and a negative impact on the performance of the team, when one employee is favored over the other. An emotional leader has a weak decision making power. A leader tends to take weak decision if he thinks emotionally. A good leader uses his insight to shape the organization in everyones benefit. The study indicates that emotional intelligence has a neutral to negative impact on the team performance. It may be good to work with the highly emotional and intelligent people, but this does not necessarily mean that it results in high performance (Grant, 2014). The decision making power is the most essential skill that a leader possess. It involves critical thinking and strategical planning. When the leader is emotionally involved with his team it might hamper his ability to make planned and good decisions. The decision making power reflects the strength of the leader and is a crucial part that paves the way for the success of the organization. High emotionally intelligent people use their qualities to deceive other people. The problem of emotional intelligence is moral detachment. People use it as a tool to achieve their selfish ends (Cummins, 2014). Moreover good leadership can be achieved through continuous hard work and dedication, rather using emotional intelligence at workplace. References Cummins, D.2014.The Dark Side of Emotional Intelligence. Online. Retrieved from: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/good-thinking/201408/the-dark-side-emotional-intelligence Accessed on 17 September 2016 Feyerherm, ARice, C.2002.Emotional intelligence and team performance: The good, the bad and the ugly. International Journal of Organizational Analysis 10(4):343-362. Grant, A.2014.The Dark Side of Emotional Intelligence. Online. Retrieved from: https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/01/the-dark-side-of-emotional-intelligence/282720/ Accessed on 17 September 2016 Mc Crimmon, M.2009. Why Emotional Intelligence Is Not Essential For Leadership Online. Retrieved from: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/why-emotional-intelligence-is-not-essential-for-leadership/ Accessed on 17 September 2016 Stanfield, A.2009.Defining Effective Leadership: Lead in Whatever You Do. Tate Publishing

Behavioral Essays - Behaviorism, Learning, Experimental Psychology

Behavioral Conditioning What I want to do is train my dog to shake with either paw upon request. If I say "right" I want him to raise his right paw and the same for the left. I would use operant and classical conditioning to reach the goal of teaching this trick to my dog. I must condition the dog to shake by using positive reinforcement. The dog (Max) already puts his paw on me when I grab his head so I will act like I am going to reach for his head and when he puts his paw on me I will say, "shake." Every time he puts his paw on me after I say shake I will give him a liver treat. Once I have conditioned him to shake it will then be time to differentiate right from left. I want the words, "shake right" and "shake left " to be the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the raising of the appropriate paw to be the conditioned response (CR). I will condition the unconditioned response (UCR), shaking; the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), tapping his leg, by using operant conditioning and liver treats as positive reinforcement. Day 1: I began by acting like I was going to grab Max' head. Just as I suspected he put his paw on my arm. I tapped his leg and I gave him a treat as a positive reinforcer. I am using operant conditioning at this point in order to establish an unconditioned stimulus (taping Max' leg) and an unconditioned response (putting his paw in my hand). Once I have shaped this behavior I can then go on to the second phase using Pavlov's classical conditioning. Day 2: After two days of fixed ratio reinforcement, Max is beginning to give a conditioned response every time I tap his leg. Every time I tap his leg we exchange a paw for a liver treat. I am using continuous reinforcement today. Day 3: I have switched to using variable interval reinforcement. I will only give him a liver treat whenever I feel like it. Max is now learning that when I tap his leg he is to give me his paw. I am actually conditioning an unconditioned response. I am still using variable interval reinforcement but I only gave him two treats the whole day. Day 4: It is now time to switch over to classical conditioning. I have the active ingredient to do a Pavlov classic experiment. My UCS is now the leg tap and the UCR is Max shaking. I no longer have to use any reinforcement. Every time I tap Max' leg, he shakes. Day 5: I now introduce the words "shake right," the neutral stimulus (NS), as I tap the appropriate leg. I am beginning to get the conditioned response, which is lifting the appropriate paw. Day 6: I now introduce the words "shake left," as I tap the appropriate leg. I now have to reintroduce positive reinforcement. I am afraid Max might be forgetting the CR. He is not wanting to cooperate. Day 7: The NS alone now produces a conditioned response, thereby becoming a CS. I must use variable interval reinforcement to insure the CR continues. I will use this schedule of reinforcement so that Max won't know when to expect a treat. I figure that if he doesn't know when to expect a treat, he will give the CR to the CS more often than not. Day 8: When I say, "shake right," Max will lift his right paw. When I say, "shake left" he lifts the left paw. I will continue to use the variable interval reinforcement to maintain the behavior. This was a lot of fun and my dog just got smarter. I think I got smarter too. I think I could teach Max to do whatever I want him to as long as I follow the simple steps of conditioning, classical and operant.

10 Tips About How to Write a Caption

10 Tips About How to Write a Caption 10 Tips About How to Write a Caption 10 Tips About How to Write a Caption By Mark Nichol If you contribute to production of a print or online publication that includes photographs or illustrations, you’re likely, at some point, to write captions. Here’s some advice about how to write good ones. 1. Caption copy must match the tone of the running text (the general written content, as opposed to display type such as headlines and captions). Determine whether captions should be formal or informal, or serious or humorous, or whether the tone can vary depending on circumstances. 2. Caption format will depend on various factors. Portraits (often referred to as headshots), or images of places or products can simply be captioned with a name: â€Å"John Smith,† for example, or â€Å"Deluxe Dual-Purpose Widget,† without terminal punctuation. (If the product caption is a description rather than an official product name, capitalize only the first word and proper names.) Captions for photos or other images showing events or occurrences can consist of incomplete sentences (â€Å"Taking the Inchworm personal-transportation device for a test drive†), but it’s generally better to use one or more complete sentences. (â€Å"John Smith takes the Inchworm personal-transportation device for a test drive.†) Avoid eliding words, as in â€Å"John Smith takes Inchworm personal-transportation device for test drive†; write the caption as if you were speaking it aloud, not as if you were writing a headline or dictating a telegram. Some publications use a lead-in phrase to establish the caption; these are either straightforward or may be conceptual and might be humorous and/or alliterative as well. They are often formatted in boldface and followed by a colon, and they generally are capitalized like headlines. (â€Å"Wiggle Wagon: John Smith takes the Inchworm personal-transportation device for a test drive.†) 3. A brief article can be formatted as a caption; it’s best to distinguish such special features with a box around the photo and caption and/or a different font treatment. (A headline is optional.) The extent of the block of type shouldn’t be less than the space taken up by the photo, and the caption should be broken up into paragraphs if it’s more than a few lines long, and perhaps divided into columns if the image is more than one column wide. 4. Use context to determine how thoroughly to identify photographic subjects. Because a person, place, or thing shown in a photo is almost invariably identified in accompanying running text, titles, affiliations, and other additional information, for example, are rarely required in captions. Subsequent photos of the same subject can be simplified (as when a person’s full name is used only in the first of several captions for photos featuring that person). 5. Avoid replicating content from the running text in a caption. The caption should allude to the running text’s topic, but the specific wording should at most paraphrase the running text. 6. Captions should not use judgmental or facetious language or make assumptions about, for example, a subject’s state of mind. (Of course, a publication that features humorous or satirical content is an exception.) 7. If more than one person is featured in the photo, use directional or other targeting terms (for example, â€Å"left,† â€Å"standing,† or â€Å"holding aardvark†) only if the distinction between the photo’s subjects is not obvious. If you must use such wording, be consistent about style and format. Here are some alternatives (the first of which trusts readers to assume left-to-right orientation): â€Å"Security guards Winken, Blinken, and Nod stand watch.† â€Å"Security guards Winken (left), Blinken, and Nod stand watch.† â€Å"Security guards Winken, left, Blinken, and Nod stand watch.† â€Å"Security guards (from left) Winken, Blinken, and Nod stand watch.† â€Å"Security guards (left to right) Winken, Blinken, and Nod stand watch.† 8. Avoid tired terminology. If, in a photo accompanying an article about a cash donation, a person is pictured pointing at an oversized mockup of a check, don’t write, â€Å"Charity Goodheart gestures at a giant check as Greedco chairman Rich Moneybags looks on.† (And ask yourself why your company or organization is publishing such a tired visual clichà © in the first place.) Simply write, â€Å"Charity Goodheart acknowledges a donation from Greedco chairman Rich Moneybags.† 9. Fact-check all quantitative information such as spelling, names (of people, places, and things) and titles, and data, and double-check that you describe action or procedures accurately. 10. Don’t forget to include credits, and be consistent in style and format. Acknowledge the photographer or stock-photography source with the name alone; there’s no need to write â€Å"photo by† or the like. (However, if a photo is provided without charge by another source, credit, for example, â€Å"Courtesy Lookatthis.com.†) Distinguish the credit from the caption by using another font or point size and/or placing it vertically along the right-hand edge of the image. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Use â€Å"That,† â€Å"Which,† and â€Å"Who†Driver License vs. Driver’s License150 Foreign Expressions to Inspire You

Does Nietzsche provide any good reasons for being sceptical about Essay

Does Nietzsche provide any good reasons for being sceptical about Christian love - Essay Example Despite being the son of a Lutheran minister, Nietzsche was a man who did not subscribe to the ideas of Christianity, especially those that dealt with love, believing that the concept of love had been completely corrupted by the church. However, he was also a great admirer of Jesus because of the manner in which he had lived his life and attempted to reform the religion of Judaism so that it could become more progressive. While this was the case, Nietzsche criticized the teaching of love in the Gospels stating that they did not hold any truth in the reality of many individuals. It was his belief that those individuals who practiced Christianity did not live their lives to the fullest because they subscribed to teachings of Gospels, which were aimed at ensuring that life was composed of absolutes. According to Nietzsche, life was not full of absolutes and the concept of love could therefore not be practiced as preached in Christianity because to do so would mean that individuals could no longer make decisions for themselves; hence remain in the fossilized hierarchy to which the church had relegated them. According to Nietzsche, because Jesus died on the cross, the concept of love died with him and this is the reason why there no longer needs to be any form of absolutes in the manner in which individuals profess love towards each other. According to him, the Christian manner of love as practiced was highly hypocritical because instead of making people happy, it made them slaves of their own actions (Hollingdale, 1999, p.21). This declaration by Nietzsche does not hold any truth because Christian teachings relating to love enabled the church to grow in strength and have continued to sustain it in the modern world despite the rapid secularization currently taking place. There have been points of view though criticized by Nietzsche that Christian teachings on love are among the elements that have ensured a continued growth in provision of charity and aid for

Midterm paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Midterm paper - Essay Example The story of the famous Pocahontas, well remembered for spearheading interracial marriages, has been adapted by several films including the ‘The Pocahontas’ and the ‘Avatar’. The films have many similarities with the original story as narrated by Charles Dudley Warner but there are several exaggerations and manipulations done. The film ‘Pocahontas’ is an animation that attempts to present the life of Pocahontas. Just like in the story, the 1995 release animation presents Pocahontas as a woman who opposed to the idea of the segregation of Englishmen by her people in Powhatan. Both depict her as an influential character who embraced Captain Smith while they were in Virginia in1608. They describe her as a distinguished girl with great character and a genuine concern for humanity. However, the animation leaves several gaps in explaining the particular traits that she had while young, as explained by the author, â€Å"She was a child of remarkable i ntelligence, and that she early showed a tender regard for the whites and rendered them willing and unwilling service† (Warner 1). Such an expression is missing in the animation. Therefore, the story loses its true meaning. ‘The Avatar’ has a comparable plot to the story but the characters used are different. Warner presents historical events that relates to the romantic woman, Pocahontas, who fell in love with the whites despite herself being an Indian. The movie depicts a future occurrence but frames the incidences to reflect the story. While the story talks about Powhatan as from 1607, the movie talks about the Pandora by 2154. The movie talks about the mining of Unobtanium by the humans in the biosphere that has detrimental elements for human survival. In contrast, the Englishmen set their foot in Powhatan in an effort to mine gold. Despite the variances in characters and the timing both talks of men on a mission that results to a relationship between one of t he inhabitants, the Navi and the Powhatan’s in the movie and story respectively. The story provides many detailed accounts that does not feature in Disney’s ‘Pocahontas’ animations. The animation is very casual presenting shallow information about the characters. Little attention is given flashbacks and flash-forward as used the author. This breaks the sequence of events, as they appear in the story, hence the ability to understand what the events as they follow each other (Bazin 23). The author presents a variety of descriptions to demonstrate the nature of relationship between Pocahontas and Smith, an aspect that the film also portrays but with the magnitude. Again, the animation goes overboard in presenting the romance with Smith and the shooting of Kocoum. However, the storyline appears similar and the characters used are given similar names and similar character traits The author is not definite of the actual occurrences. On several instances, he uses the word ‘or’ meaning any of the things he is talking about might have taken place. Contrary to these views, the two films present very definite situations. This biasness is based on the fact, that a movie cannot present two opposing ideas since they can contradict the viewers. The author mentions, â€Å"Either Strachey was uniformed, or Pocahontas was married to an Indian†, this is presumption made by the author but the two films avoid the argument and do not feature this scene, probably due to its

The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts Coursework

The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts - Coursework Example In technological writings or introduction of technology by historians, there has been reports and history of successful technologies and the failed ones are not included due to which, it seems that all technology is beneficial. Technological artifacts exist as social constructs. Science, as well as technology, can be understood as the social construct. EPOR (Empirical Programme of Relativism) has helped to construct science as a social construct. EPOR also represents the efforts of sociologists to understand science as a social construct. EPOR is a well-structured program and the empirical research related to EPOR is in an extensive extent while on the other hand, there is SCOT (Social Construction of Technology) for which there is not enough empirical research done. SCOT helps in the development of a multidirectional model for technological developments to construct artifacts of technology as social constructs. The members of one social group regard a technological artifact as having a single meaning socially. While thinking about the existence of a technological artifact as having a single meaning, there are many concerns such as whether the artifact has some relevancy for the members of a group and whether that social group is homogeneous or heterogeneous. For each social group, the artifact has a different social meaning and a different relevancy. Every social group has the different set of problems associated with an artifact and for each problem, there are separate solutions. Both the approaches EPOR and SCOT act similarly in explaining about science and technology relatively. Sociology of technology is underdeveloped than the sociology of science. EPOR approach accommodates sociology of science with interpretative flexibility which means that the sociologist of science has to indicate towards various interpretations of scientific findings and that various aspects of nature are not restricted to only one forced interpretation.  

Disadvantages Of Online Learning Education Essay

Disadvantages Of Online Learning Education Essay Clearly, the benefits that online learning brings to students are enormous and undeniable. Even, as Hinkle suggests in her article Advantages and disadvantages of E-learning, pursuing an online course is an outstanding choice in education, especially when traditional learning situations have many obstacles, such as commuting or distance. However, as every coin has two sides, e-learning also has some fundamental drawbacks that can make it a little bit inconvenient for users. 2.1. Lack of verbal interaction One of the most disadvantages that Dogra (2011) and Hinkle (2009, n.d.) all agree is the lack of verbal interaction between teacher[s] and student[s]. Because of the fact that most online learning programs can only offer a one-way communication, this disadvantage is inevitable! As stated in Top 10 Distance Learning Disadvantages, the loss of human contact, let alone personal touch with instructors, provided in a traditional classroom in which two-way or face-to-face communication always proved its important (Pakhare 2008) is the evident truth. Similarly, Hinkle (2009) also believes that there is a significant reduction in the amount of interaction through distance learning. To further discuss this, Kartha (2011) makes the readers aware of that e-learning does not give learners any help in improving their oral communication skills. Although some online courses enable their users to communicate through discussion and community boards, this definitely differs from carrying a conversation to a classmate sitting next to you in person. Moreover, Dogra (2011b) assumes that an e-learning student may not be exposed to enough multidimensional views of a certain subjects or topic. She demonstrate the hindrance of online learning by saying that the chances of growth or learning of students who pursue full-time courses and are facilitated to discuss many aspects of one problems, many problems of one subject might be higher than those who do not. Whats more, in a class, a debate arising does not necessarily involve in what were taught. Instead, a wide range of issues pertaining to future plan or professional life is also focused on. This helps students develop their personality and teaches them how to deal with life in an appropriate manner. To gain success in life, one needs not only bookish but also experience and particularly, knowledge about various life issues as well as situations. She summarizes that, in some cases, the sale of professional improvement gained through online learning, therefore, might be limited. An article entitled Pros and cons of distance learning refutes this viewpoint of effect of less verbal contact, showing that e-learning seems to be a good way to grow students writing skill owing to that they have to type their contributions to class discussions and any other correspondence with [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] professors and fellow classmates. However, this opinion is flawed. In the first place, if students really need to improve this skill, it is not required to follow an online course. The second and more important reason is that, compared to the loss of communication skills, the benefit is far from equivalent. 2.2. Absence of live academic resources Apparently, online learning means studying in isolation and without a set schedule and proper study timings and it demands strong self-motivation and self-discipline to be a good learner (Dogra 2011a). She warns that this type of learning is totally not suitable for students who need regular and instant feedbacks from instructors. Pakhare (2008) expresses his agreement with Dogras statement and says that the absence of face-to-face communication results in the failure of receiving immediate feedbacks for students assignments and fieldwork studies. They may not have their problems and questions of the last lesson solved by professors or classmates as in a traditional class, which can function as a barrier in ones learning (Kartha 2011). In case of receiving feedbacks, students have to wait for a long time, till the instructors review their work (Top 10 distance learning disadvantages). In addition, according to the article Pros and cons of distance learning, whereas academic resources are supported in most conventional colleges/universities such as libraries, stadiums, study areas and laboratories, online learning environment is much more challenging. It is pretty practical when mentioning the impossibility of drop[ping] a tutoring center or attend[ing] extra help. Therefore, learning process, due to all of these factors, will be less effective. Perhaps, it is the main contributor to lesser weightage to online learning. There is a common notion among employers that students following e-learning class are far less informed and more experienced than those with full-time education (Dogra 2011a); and worse in term of attitude as well (Dogra 2011b). Some employers even refuse to give online learning a piece of acknowledgement (Top 10 distance learning disadvantages). Of course, she says, this situation will completely different in case those students have certain years of experience. However, most companies still give a preference to learners with traditional certificates or degrees (Dogra 2011a). 2.3. Technology difficulties It is beyond doubt that online learning requires some equipment. Two typical kinds of e-learning can be taken as examples here. First, computer-based training provides users with learning objects including audios, videos, animations and application simulations via a CD-ROM or a mainframe and through a local network, while another type, web-based training, has its learning materials delivered over the Internet . A computer connected to a network is a must with both of them. According to Hinkle (n.d.), this triggers off the technology-related problem to people who do not have ready access this equipment, in other words, they are ill-equipped to use it (Hinkle 2009). Besides, power cutoff, failure in Internet server on any hardware issue can also make severe impacts on learning process. Last but not least, technical requirement may put great pressure on ones who are completely not computer-literate, which, in turn, might lead to stress and frustration (Top 10 distance learning disadvant ages).

Adaptations of Mammals to Arid Australian Environments :: Environment Australia Animals Essays

Adaptations of Mammals to Arid Australian Environments Abstract High temperatures and low rainfall characterize much of Australia. It is hard to believe that animals can survive in arid conditions, much less prosper. Yet there is a whole range of mammals, among other life forms, that do. These animals survive because they have adaptations that allow them to live in the hot, dry conditions. The function of the adaptations is to balance thermoregulation with water gain and loss. For instance, many mammals that live in the desert obtain much or all of their water from the food they consume. The reduced water intake is partially balanced through concentrated urine and dry faeces. Evaporative cooling helps to regulate temperature. To limit the water lost through evaporative cooling, mammals are nocturnal, have light coloration and other body features to help dissipate heat, and use microenvironments to reduce heat gain. This is only a short list of the many amazing adaptations Australian mammals have to survive the harsh arid conditions; howe ver, it serves to illustrate the balance between thermoregulation and water regulation. Introduction Seventy percent of Australia is considered arid or semi-arid (Climate averages, 2000). Arid regions are characterized by receiving 100-250 millimeters of rain a year, and semi-arid regions are characterized by receiving 250-500 mm of rain per year (Costa, 1995). The average rainfall in Australia is only 165 mm per year (Climate averages, 2002). Not only are these regions faced with sparse rainfall, but they are also confronted with extreme temperatures. During the summer months of January and February, temperatures regularly exceed 40Â °C in the arid regions (Climate averages, 2002). The temperatures are even more scorching for small animals that live close to the ground because the soil becomes much hotter than the air (Walsberg, 2000). Therefore, Australian mammals must have adaptations to cope with the heat and lack of available water. Additionally, they must have adaptations to balance thermoregulation with water regulation. This paper will address these adaptations and explain how they work. Homeothermy Mammals can be broadly classified as homeotherms, which means their body temperature is relatively independent of the external environmental temperature (Ricklefs, 2001). Mammals and birds keep their body temperatures between 37Â °C and 38Â °C, however there are exceptions (Walsberg, 2000). Maintaining a constant internal temperature requires animals to have mechanisms to regulate their body temperature.

Contract Law Questions Essay

Max, an improvised law student placed the following advertisement in the Law Student Gazette: â€Å"For sale – Treital – Law of Contact, ? 5† Brian telephoned Max but he was not at home and Celia, Max’s girlfriend, answered the telephone. Brian asked her whether it was the latest edition. She replied that it was not. Brian then said he would give ? for the book and Celia replied that she was sure that was acceptable but for Brian to ring back later that evening. That night Brian telephoned Max. Max told Brian that the book was in excellent condition and that he would not accept anything less than ? 5 for the book. Brian, however, did not hear this because of a fault on the line. The next day Brian called at Max’s house with the ? 4 but Max refused to let him have the book Advise Brian 2. D placed a notice in a local newspaper offering a reward of ? ,000 to the first person to climb to the top of the monkey puzzle tree in his garden and take a photog raph of D’s garden. On Monday E was in the process of climbing the tree when he fell off. He was in hospital for four days. On Tuesday, F climbed to within three feet of the top of the tree but considered it too dangerous to proceed further as he was too heavy for the upper branches. On Wednesday, G was at the top. He was about to take the photograph with the special camera which G had purchased for. Especially for the purpose. D shouted, â€Å"Forget it! There is no money at all. The deal is off. † Later that day, D broadcast an advertisement on the local radio station informing everyone that the reward was no longer an offer. On Thursday, H, the son of D’s neighbor, climbed the tree, took the photograph and claimed the reward. He had not heard the broadcasts on the local radio station. On Friday, E returned to the garden and climbed the tree and took the photograph. Advise the parties.

An Apolitical Food Problem essays

An Apolitical Food Problem essays ?The world food problem has been a growing concern that the humankind faces in the process of development today, and key issues such as malnutrition and starvation have most commonly been identified with the poor in underdeveloped countries (Warnock, 1987). An unprecedented rate of population growth outstripping the food production that will lead to an increase in famines has been a popular misconception relating to the world food problem (Radha, 1976), and Robert Malthus noted this similar idea, which is described as Malthusian focus. Contrary to Malthus second theory, defined as the Malthusian pessimism, a shocking fact unveils that despite having more than sufficient food to supply to every mankind today, global hunger has now been intensified (Bennett, 1987), therefore questioning the real cause for the rise in famines we are observing. Environmental threats such as drought and flood have also been alleged to contribute to famine issues in the world. However, the causes of death due to starvation in these natural disasters are definitely arguable, as it is noted that not all countries experience the same catastrophic outcome, namely famines death, in these natural disaster (Buchanan, 1982). The food problem today is thus focused on the underdeveloped and developing countries and how it corresponds with economic growth in respective to developed countries, giving rise to the distinctive gap between the wealthy and poor nations (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1968). Hence, in this essay, I will be addressing how food problem in the world today is not the result of food shortages, instead its the political and economical framework that creates them (Buchanan, 1982). Economics has allowed us to understand the concept of demand and supply, where prices are fixed at an equilibrium price. For this reason, anyone who can afford to pay at this given price would be able to purchase ...

Louis XIV Essays

Louis XIV Essays Louis XIV Paper Louis XIV Paper Louis XIV was known as one of the greatest Kings of France.Louis XIV ruled as an absolute monarch.He was a great patron of the arts in France. He is responsible for many elegant buildings in France and especially Paris.He was also involved in many wars throughout his reign of France. The reign of Louis XIV lasted an astounding length of seventy-two years.Louis XIV was born on September 16,1638.His reign started when he was only four years old when his father Louis XIII died on May 14, 1643.Louis XIV chose the sun as his emblem.The sun was associated with Apollo, god of peace and arts, and was also a heavenly body that gave life to all things.Like Apollo, Louis XIV brought peace and was a patron of the arts. Louis XIVs father Louis XIII ruled with Cardinal Richelieu, who served as First Minister.When Louis XIII died Cardinal Richelieu also died shortly after the Kings death.Richelieus successor, Cardinal Mazarin, governed the country until Louis XIV grew up.He always wanted to be able to rule alone.So when hisfirst Minister Mazarin died, he decided against ruling with a First Minister.Only a limited share of power was allowed to the able comptroller general of finances, Jean Baptiste Colbert.Colbert believed in an active economic role for the State, he promoted manufacturing and commerce, built up the navy, and developed the French colonies overseas. Louis XIV was not highly liked among the people of France.Previously the kings of France had lived rather close to their people, traveling about a good deal, in war or peace, visiting towns and their poorer subjects.When Louis XIV became a deity, the people bowed down, but felt that the king no longer belonged to them.The French, however, only really love what belongs to them.Louis XIV held a very strict court.He forced all the nobles to live with him at the Palace of Versailles.

What do you think about the class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What do you think about the class - Essay Example The course plays an important role in educating the current generation on how to struggle for what they want through reflecting on the struggles that the indigenous people in time of colonization. Some of other topics that are of importance in attending the class include capitalist development, Immigration and environmental changes. From this class, the teachers are able to sensitize the students on matters of environmental maintenance and protection. The Native American class is able to encourage race diversity. This is through emphasizing on the Native Americans who were living in harmony with each other despite having hailing from different subgroups. The class is able to examine a range of oral genres from various tribes. The native literature also incorporates Native American contribution to the current American tradition. This plays an important role in revealing the literary potential that lies in the diverse aesthetic tradition and giving the current generation an identity. Therefore, the class should be emphasized and widespread in various learning

Southern California Edison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Southern California Edison - Essay Example Based in Rosemead, California, the company was founded in the year 1886 by the name Holt & Knupps. They were "primarily a provider of street lights" then. (About, par.1) Later, in 1897, West Side Lighting Co. and Los Angeles Electric Co. merged to form Edison Electric Co. of Los Angeles. The company changed its name to Southern California Edison in 1909. Today's Southern California Edison is a 122 years old company, "serving more than 13 million people", (EI 1, par.1) providing reliable electric service covering more than "50,000 square miles" (EI 1, par.1) of central, coastal and central southern California, "employing more than 15,500 employees", (SCE 1, par.7) While going through the news releases of SCE, one happens to come across this recent article about "Safe holiday lighting tips."(EI 2, par.4) saying "As the excitement of the season sets in with decorative displays, many people are inadvertently exposed to a greater safety risk of becoming the victim of a fire or electrical accident, such as shock or electrocution." And the rest is about safety measures and light saving tips. It sounded more like an advisory. After going through it, one gets the feeling that they have written it less out of concern for their customers and more out of concern about the 'blame' people would put on their head in case if something went wrong and even if it wasn't their fault. Not without a reason, since I came across another article in Los Angeles Times which said "Power lines are the suspected culprits behind 12 major fires destroyed 1041 homes and killed two people." (Mozingo, par.1) Somehow, I feel, this is another typical case of strained relations between a 'big' company not being able to keep 'all' its customers happy. A common observation involving monopoly businesses. Suppliers: Like every other 'big' company, SCE manages its suppliers in a very systematic manner. SCE requires vendors for various purposes like managing scrap, meter data management, managing its ERP, energy procurement (natural gas and whole sale electric supplies), various materials, etc. One remarkable feature is that it does its energy efficiency program jointly with other utility companies viz. Pacific Gas and Electric Company and San Diego Gas and Electric Company. As such, vendors for efficient energy management are evaluated jointly. One very optimistic feature is SCE's active encouragement for renewable and alternative power generation. In fact, it has a special power contracting option for smaller biomass generators so as to contribute towards California's renewable energy as well as environmental goals. Competitors: Until California's rush into energy deregulation in 1996, SCE had a tightly regulated but a 'natural' monopoly. Though it was intended to move towards a less regulated energy market so as to decrease the cost of electricity by fostering competition among producers, its practical effect has been divestment of generation facilities by utility companies. SEC is the primary electric supplier for much of Southern California. However, the Los Angeles

Engineering Design Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Engineering Design Practice - Essay Example 1) As per the requirements of the Approved Document B it is must for the architect to plan and design a structure in a manner that it should comprises of ample necessities like early conflagration caution apparatuses and proper, secure and efficient evacuation passages. 2) To control the intensification of inferno in the interior of a structure it is necessary to utilize the material that can bear and defy the blazes distribution over it and in case it catches fire, there should be a sluggish rate of temperature release, reasonable as per situation 3) The indoors are ought to be constructed in a way that in case of fire it is supposed to be steady for the utmost period and it must defend against the fire dispersion among two buildings with an tolerable system for the smoke discharge 4) The outside walls and roof of construction must defend against the fire to reach over from a construction to any more having stared to operation, height and pose. The blueprint of structure must be well architected to ease fire-fighters in shielding lives A performance oriented process for structural inferno design is akin to the modus operandi of devious structures to wind masses and seismic effects. The role of a structural component will be definite and a set of objective tests will be prearranged that allocates the assessment of fire recital in relation to the key practical decisive factor on the other hand, Prescriptive method characterizes a structural conflagration design moderately accurate in requisites of the resources involved, contour and extent of structural rudiments, depth of fire safety materials and construction detail etc. The design proposals are mostly based on the practice with matching or analogous standard inferno tests. It is necessary to carry out more than one test for a specific perimeter in array to verify the results obtained from the previous test as in earlier investigations by experts it is revealed

Is Price the Only Factor That Determines a Buyers Decision Essay Example for Free

Is Price the Only Factor That Determines a Buyers Decision Essay When consuming products and services, customers pay attention to several factors to make sure that they have made a sensible decision. Perhaps, the very first thing to be taken into account, under some circumstances, is price. However, it should not always be the sole consideration for purchasing decisions. From my point of view, apart from price, there are other determinants that can have a strong impact on a buyer’s decision, namely quality, buyer psychology and commitments that a firm offers its customers. To begin with, it can be said for sure that for most wise consumers, the quality of products or services is remembered long whereas the price is soon forgotten. When people make up their mind to consume something, they definitely want it to be worthy of their money. To be more specific, they are willing to have their ideal products although their prices can, sometimes, be very costly simply because of their durability. Long-lasting products are preferable, especially for careful consumers who are always in pursuit of the stability of the products. From another context, in terms of buyer psychology, many customers are not afraid of high cost to own certain products since not only do the products serve their needs, but they also help them to express their fashion-consciousness and status. For example, fashionable clothes enjoy increasing demand from celebrities every year though the producers set high prices. In addition, pricing low does not always work, even it can be counter-productive because consumers may assume that the products are below normal standards or the firm is going bankruptcy, which may lead to the damage of the company’s image and prestige. Last but not least, commitments to customers that a producer makes are also of great importance. These commitments usually come along with guarantees or after-sales services. Customers may pay higher amount of money for the products, however, in exchange, they are certain that they can have substitutes or indemnities when problems associated with the products happen. In other word, regardless of high prices, consumers are satisfied because they are offered certainty. In these cases, prices are also not the matter. In general, price is a significant factor that affects buyer decisions, but it is not the only determinants. Wise customers always seek for perfection from the products or services; hence, price should only be one of the aspects to be considered.

Writing a Personal Narrative :: Personal Narrative Writing

Purpose and Audience Personal narratives allow you to share your life with others and vicariously experience the things that happen around you. Your job as a writer is to put the reader in the midst of the action letting him or her live through an experience. Although a great deal of writing has a thesis, stories are different. A good story creates a dramatic effect, makes us laugh, gives us pleasurable fright, and/or gets us on the edge of our seats. A story has done its job if we can say, "Yes, that captures what living with my father feels like," or "Yes, that’s what being cut from the football team felt like." Structure There are a variety of ways to structure your narrative story. The three most common structures are: chronological approach, flashback sequence, and reflective mode. Select one that best fits the story you are telling. Methods Show, Don’t’ Tell Don’t tell the reader what he or she is supposed to think or feel. Let the reader see, hear, smell, feel, and taste the experience directly, and let the sensory experiences lead him or her to your intended thought or feeling. Showing is harder than telling. It’s easier to say, "It was incredibly funny," than to write something that is incredibly funny. The rule of "show, don’t tell" means that your job as a storyteller is not to interpret; it’s to select revealing details. You’re a sifter, not an explainer. An easy way to accomplish showing and not telling is to avoid the use of "to be" verbs. Let People Talk It’s amazing how much we learn about people from what they say. One way to achieve this is through carefully constructed dialogue. Work to create dialogue that allows the characters’ personalities and voices to emerge through unique word selection and the use of active rather than passive voice. Choose a Point of View Point of view is the perspective from which your story is told. It encompasses where you are in time, how much you view the experience emotionally (your tone), and how much you allow yourself into the minds of the characters. Most personal narratives are told from the first-person limited point of view. If you venture to experiment with other points of view, you may want to discuss them with Miss Burke as you plan your piece.

All Grown Up and No Place to Go Teenagers in Crisis

Child and adolescent development specialist David Elkind contends that today's teenager’s are struggling as the result of a shift in society to a â€Å"postmodern† period. In this period, â€Å"the needs of children and youth are often weighted less heavily than are the needs of parents and the rest of adult society† ( xiii ). Elkind believes that, as a result, â€Å"we as a society have abrogated our responsibility to young people† (xiv).Elkind explains how, in this postmodern period, adults mistakenly treat teenagers as though they were already competent and sophisticated, and therefore do not guide them from childhood into adulthood, as youth were guided in previous generations. His words sound a clear warning to teachers and other adults who tend to confuse teenager’s' physical maturity with emotional, psychological, social, intellectual, and spiritual maturity. A useful feature is his discussion of how the â€Å"growth markers† that were formerly available to guide children into adolescence and teens into adulthood are now absent.Examples include girls of all ages now being encouraged to wear makeup and sophisticated clothes, and boys of all ages being encouraged to participate in high-stakes competitive sports teams. Teen’s perception of stereotypes varies from person to person. It is interesting to know that how teens identify groups and how they decide to associate themselves with particular ones, at a time in their lives when age-mates take on a greater significance and the influence of adults diminishes.Teachers should not ignore or underestimate the power of peer influence; although we commonly think of this influence in negative terms, this article helps us recognize that peer influence can be a positive contributor to teenager’s' classroom behavior, too. The role of environment in determining behavior is considered, much greater by the intellectual descendants of Locke. More than adherents of other schools, they see humans as substantially malleable; they are convinced that children's behavior responds to the expectations expressed for it.Thus, if we believe that teenagers will be moody and rude, our children are likely to comply; if we relegate them to a social holding pattern, they will adopt the general characteristics of powerlessness. The discipline of child psychology, as well as the children it studies, is influenced by cultural assumptions seems beyond doubt. But then, what is to be made of these conflicting views about the plasticity of development? It would hardly be feasible to attempt a grand synthesis of these positions. David Elkind, a longtime observer and scholar of child development and family life, sees in the modern family a â€Å"permeable† family.He discerns in the seeming imbalances and morbidities of postmodern families the stresses hammering at children and youth in the contemporary society and a new family form emerging, a form that is bas ed on values and sentiments that prepare its members to cope with this stunning array of pressures. Three sentiments and their resulting practices are particularly heartening from his point of view. To be sure, by the teenage years, parents must exercise most of their authority by stating acceptable alternatives and sticking to them, even if that means throwing a child out of the house.In a sense, then, we are no longer talking about the kind of parental control liberationists object to, but more subtle pressures generally compatible with their stand except insofar as they think teens have a right to financial support no matter what their behavior. Teens might also insist that drinking or doing drugs should be their own choice, just as it is for adults. But the reverberations both for themselves and for those about them suggest the desirability of pressing them to limit such activities in a way that might not be appropriate for adults.David Elkind has warned against pushing children too fast in an age-inappropriate manner. Latency-age children bear much of the burden of a faster-paced society. Adults are spending more time at work than ever before; children are shuffled between activities in part due to their parents' schedules. Children's time outside of school has become more structured; they participate in extracurricular pursuits at earlier ages. Doing nothing, as in â€Å"those lazy, hazy days of summer,† previously part of the culture of a child, is no longer promoted or valued. Some children no longer just go out to play, they have â€Å"play dates.† They are infrequently left free to explore what they would do if there were nothing to do. There is no time for daydreaming. Television and computers have replaced quieter moments. Rarely do you hear a child say, â€Å"Turn off the television. I want to read now. † In this speeded-up society, adults are resigned to Elkind's concerns; there is no turning back for today's children. Parent s may rationalize and say it is a good learning experience for an eight-year-old to be home alone. Elkind's recommendation is that given the stress imposed on them, children should be taught skills to help them cope effectively with what is expected of them.For example, the â€Å"latchkey† child should be offered assistance such as phone numbers for reaching a parent, the police, and a neighbor, and instructions on what to do in case of fire. Rituals and routines are important components in the structure of the middle childhood years. As children begin to organize and classify their knowledge, they come to depend on routines to help them consciously and unconsciously deal with new issues and experiences. Birthdays, secular and religious rituals, and common developmental milestones all help them to find their place in the world.They are seeking to be connected to the larger society through attachments in school, with their peers, with their teachers, in social activities, and in their families. Ironically, because teenager’s are continually redefining their thinking about self and their own value systems, they are highly vulnerable to believing in media myths. As such, outside-in problems manufactured by the media through the power of suggestion and constant repetition become teenager’s' inside-out personal problems In short, adolescence is the stage in life when children begin to question their own thinking in light of what others think of them as well as for them.In this regard, teenager’s' sense of thinking is not wholly independent of their social sense of self. Although as parents, researchers, and teachers, we may be aware of the variable nature of the teenager’s' thinking self, we may not realize that adolescence is a relatively new stage in human development. In colonial America, teenager’s served as a source of cheap labor. With the advent of modern industrialization, longer periods of schooling have been requi red to prepare children for the workplace. This, in turn, has extended the time that children are economically dependent on their parents.As children enter the teenage culture, they are drawn away from their parents and into peer groups. In the process, teenager’s' developing social sense of self is placed into a tug of war between the norms and pressures of parents and friends. Adolescence in America is the psychological equivalent of toddlerhood. Just as toddlers move away from their parents physically, so teenager’s move away from their parents emotionally There are continuous negotiations between parents and children about distance. Children want to explore and parents want to keep them safe.And both toddlers and teenagers are outraged when their parents don't agree with them about the ideal balance of freedom and security. As teenager’s turn to their peers for validation and support, they often engage in intense experimentation, exploring a wide range of po ssibilities that often contradict parents' cherished beliefs in behavioral norms. In the process, teenagers may become the biggest enforcers and proselytizers for their own peer culture: Teenagers may punish other teenagers for failing to achieve the same impossible goals that they themselves are unable to obtain.Moreover, they may rush to set standards to ward off the imposition of others' standards on them. All the while, the content of the standards may remain variable often depending on what standards the media is marketing at a given time, from baggy pants and body piercing to tattoos and the latest neon hair styles. Teenager’s' social sense of self invariably leads to contradictions, as does their thinking sense of self. Social self-contradictions arise from teenager’s' membership in multiple groups that maintain different expectations and norms.More importantly, contradictions continually arise as teenager’s switch their loyalties from one peer group to t he next, giving rise to competing allegiances. In sum, teenager’s experience contradictions inside-out in terms of their thinking sense of self as well as outside in terms of their social sense of self. In many instances, the frustrations of these contradictions are further exacerbated by the academic sense of self that schools promote. One of the most visibly striking transformations during adolescence occurs as a girl's body changes in size and shape.Girls tend to appear rounder as their hips widen, and fat develops in the breasts, thighs, and buttocks. As these changes occur, culture tells girls that thinness is beautiful, even imperative. Not surprisingly, it is also during this period that girls become increasingly concerned with their bodies. Girls' changing bodies provide powerful stimuli to the self and others. A pertinent issue during early adolescence is that bodily changes bring about a sense of fragmentation in body image. Thus, the body is frequently depicted as a collection of individual parts, such as breasts and hips.So, for example, many girls this age worry about the size of their breasts. In the United States, bigger is generally considered better, yet not from girls' perspectives. Rather others are believed to hold that value. Because the body is often times viewed as a reflection of the self, the eroticization processes through which the body is transformed into a sexual object become a major source of conflict for many teenager girls. Teenager girls continue to suffer in multiple ways as a result of these complex social processes.Meanwhile the psychologists and psychiatrists who have historically led the study of what is known as â€Å"body image† have done so in ways that limit knowledge and understanding of girls, further contributing to the structures supporting domination and oppression of females. That is, these researchers have almost exclusively studied â€Å"body image† through quantitative measures that assum e objectivity. In the process, they have conveniently and openly ignored and dismissed contributions from social scientists and feminists who have studied the body from alternative and more hopeful perspectivesNevertheless, body image work has become influential, creating at least three problems. First, the historical study of â€Å"body image† has contributed to the objectification of the body. Second, â€Å"body image† researchers have created a logic of pathology to explain girls' problems Result of irresponsible sexual activity is substantial teenage motherhood. Yet the consequences of early childbearing are extremely damaging. Pregnancy doubles the risk that a girl will drop out of school; most such girls never return, regardless of their financial situation or ethnic background.Once the child is born, the girl is unlikely to be in a position to earn more than welfare would offer her and she has the responsibility of a child to boot. But if she chooses to go on we lfare, her sense of agency and independence is seriously damaged. If she marries instead, she is not only unlikely to finish her schooling but also faces a significantly higher probability of divorce than a woman who waits until her twenties to marry. Thus girls who engage in unprotected sex and who elect to keep their babies are at serious risk of a worse life than they could otherwise have expected.â€Å"But the damage does not stop there. The plight of their children is painful. Neither parent may take responsibility: they may be ignored by their fathers and handed to some female relative by their mothers. For the child, this may be a blessing in disguise, as the most irresponsible teens are those least likely to possess the qualities required for good childrearing. As these babies get older, however, they show the effects of their unfavorable environment. Children of teen mothers score worse on ability tests, get worse grades, and expect less in the way of education than childr en of older women.They also get less education, marry earlier, and divorce more often†. (p. 133) David Elkind questions the popular conception of parental authority Exerting parental authority doesn't mean that we can't play ball with our children or joke with them or have fun with them. Being a parent doesn't mean being an ogre or a relentless disciplinarian. Rather it means asserting ourselves as adults who have more experience, knowledge, and skill than our offspring. Children and teenagers are young and inexperienced. They very much need and want guidance and instruction from us. (205)At least three areas of concern arise from the literature about violence on television. The obvious ones are the relationship between television violence and aggression, even if the aggression is not directed against society, and the desensitization of children to pain and suffering. The less obvious one is the potential for children who are sensitive and vulnerable to become more fearful and insecure upon exposure to violence on television. â€Å"Television has brought murder into the home, where it belongs† (Elkind, p. 103). Murders and crime occur about ten times more frequently on television than in the real world.A third of all characters in television shows are committing crime or fighting it, most with guns. It becomes, therefore, a chicken-and-egg question. When one examines violence in films the trend towards increased gore and explicit horror is easily documented. Rather than reflecting the content and meaning associated with myths and fairy tales, horror films today are pure sensation with little serious content. If violence on television is controlled, children and adults will still be able to experience violence vicariously through other media such as films, books, and recordings.The contemporary challenges that have created this increase in stress among today's teenager’s, in Elkind's terms — the â€Å"perils of puberty,†  "peer shock,† and â€Å"family permutations†. Authentic parenting is an outgrowth of shared parenting but integrates unilateral and mutual authority depending on the concern at hand and the developmental stage of the child. But it is also leavened by a realization that each parent can perform their roles in ways that are true to their own temperaments, personalities, and experience. Finally, there is an emergent relationship between community and family.How well a family does is seen as partly dependent upon the ties it has with the community and the resources and assets available in the community. Community service has become a part of the required curriculum in many schools. Other neighborhoods are reaching out to isolated families or individuals and families in trouble. Some schools have become â€Å"lighted schoolsâ€Å"—twenty-four-hour family resource centers providing programs, services, and opportunities for connections to others. According to Elkind, i nterdependence is a central value and sentiment that underlies this emerging family form.â€Å"Interdependence is founded upon a sense of being both one and many, of being different from everyone else and like them at the same time† (p. 220). Traces of his longing for the modern family aside, Elkind's thesis about the new family embodies some of what we know about family resilience to this point. And it can apply in spirit to all families and caretaking relationships. It is important, as a starting point, to realize that every family, even those in the midst of gripping disorganization and bewildering turmoil, has strengths and capacities.Every angry, demanding parent has moments of caring; every confused teenagers has moments of hope and clarity; every abusive father has a twinge of doubt or regret. At some time in every family's life there have been periods of relative calm and stability. Every family has overcome hurdles, some more successfully than others. All of these ar e resources to be drawn upon, by the family members themselves or by someone who would deign to be of help to them. Works Cited Elkind David. ( 1998). All Grown Up and No Place to Go: Teenagers in Crisis. Rev. ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley